A 5100 Kg Truck Runs Into The Rear Of A 1000 Kg Car
A 5100 Kg Truck Runs Into The Rear Of The 1000 Kg Car That Was Stat
1. A 5,100-kg truck runs into the rear of a 1,000-kg car that was stationary. The truck and car are locked together after the collision and move with a speed of 6 m/s. What was the speed of the truck before the collision?
2. In compressing the spring in a toy dart gun, 0.4 J of work is performed. When the gun is fired, the spring transfers its potential energy to a dart with a mass of 0.04 kg. (a) What is the dart's kinetic energy as it leaves the gun? (b) What is the dart's speed?
3. At NASA's Zero Gravity Research Facility in Cleveland, Ohio, experimental payloads fall freely from rest in an evacuated vertical shaft through a distance of 132 m. (a) If a payload has a mass of 19 kg, what is its potential energy relative to the bottom of the shaft? (b) How fast will it be traveling when it reaches the bottom? Convert your answer to mph for comparison with highway speeds.
4. A bicycle and rider going 15 m/s approach a hill. Their total mass is 85 kg. (a) What is their kinetic energy? (b) If the rider coasts up the hill without pedaling, how high above the starting level will the bicycle be when it finally stops?
5. A 1,000-W motor powers a hoist used to lift cars at a service station. (a) How much time would it take to raise a 2,350-kg car 2 m? (b) If the motor is replaced with one rated at 3,000 W, how long would it take to complete this task?
6. A running back with a mass of 88 kg and a velocity of 9 m/s (toward the right) collides with, and is held by, a 132-kg defensive tackle moving in the opposite direction. What is the velocity of the tackle before the collision, given that their velocity afterward is zero? Assume velocity is a vector quantity.
7. An elevator raises a load of 9,800 N to a height of 27 m in 17 s. (a) How much work does the elevator do? (b) What is the elevator's power output?
8. A middle-aged physics professor takes 150 minutes to ride his bicycle up Alpe d'Huez, France, with a vertical climb of 1,120 m. The combined mass of the rider and bicycle is 91 kg. What is the average power output during the climb?
9. If a force of 5 N acts on an object while it moves 2 meters, can we determine the work done with no other information? Explain your reasoning.
Paper For Above instruction
The series of physics problems outlined above cover fundamental concepts of energy, momentum, work, power, and kinematic principles. This paper systematically addresses each problem by applying core physics principles, including conservation of momentum, work-energy theorem, and kinematic equations, to analyze real-world scenarios and derive quantitative solutions.
Problem 1: Determining the Truck’s Initial Speed
The problem involves a collision where a moving truck collides with a stationary car and they move together afterward. Applying the conservation of momentum, the initial momentum of the system is equal to the combined momentum after the collision. Let v₁ be the initial speed of the truck.
Before collision:
- Truck: mass m₁ = 5100 kg, initial velocity v₁
- Car: mass m₂ = 1000 kg, initial velocity 0
After collision:
- Combined mass: m₁ + m₂ = 6100 kg
- Final velocity: v_f = 6 m/s
Applying conservation of momentum:
m₁ v₁ + m₂ * 0 = (m₁ + m₂) v_f
v₁ = [(m₁ + m₂) v_f] / m₁ = (6100 kg * 6 m/s) / 5100 kg ≈ 7.18 m/s
Therefore, the truck's initial speed was approximately 7.18 m/s.
Problem 2: Kinetic Energy and Speed of Dart
The work done in compressing the spring is stored as potential energy, which is transferred to the dart upon firing. According to energy conservation:
Potential energy stored = Kinetic energy of the dart
Given work (W) = 0.4 J, mass (m) = 0.04 kg
(a) Kinetic energy:
K.E. = W = 0.4 J
(b) Speed of the dart:
Using K.E. = (1/2) m v²:
v = √(2 K.E. / m) = √(2 0.4 J / 0.04 kg) = √(20) ≈ 4.47 m/s
Problem 3: Potential Energy and Impact Speed in Zero Gravity Experiment
(a) Potential energy (PE) is given by PE = m g h, where g = 9.81 m/s²:
PE = 19 kg 9.81 m/s² 132 m ≈ 24,679 J
(b) Impact velocity (v) is found via energy conservation:
PE = (1/2) m v² => v = √(2 PE / m) = √(2 24,679 / 19) ≈ √(2,592.6) ≈ 50.92 m/s
Converting to mph (1 m/s ≈ 2.237 mph):
v mph = 50.92 * 2.237 ≈ 113.96 mph
Problem 4: Kinetic Energy and Hill Height
(a) Kinetic energy (KE): KE = (1/2) m v²:
KE = 0.5 85 kg (15 m/s)² = 0.5 85 225 = 9562.5 J
(b) Using energy conservation, potential energy gained when coasting uphill equals initial KE:
m g h = KE => h = KE / (m g) = 9562.5 / (85 * 9.81) ≈ 9562.5 / 833.85 ≈ 11.46 m
Problem 5: Power and Time to Lift a Car
(a) Power (P) = Work / time, where work = mgh:
Work = 2350 kg 9.81 m/s² 2 m ≈ 46,058.7 J
Time t = Work / Power = 46,058.7 J / 1000 W ≈ 46.06 s
(b) For 3,000 W motor:
t = 46,058.7 J / 3000 W ≈ 15.35 s
Problem 6: Collision and Conservation of Momentum
The initial momentum of the system is:
p_initial = m₁ v₁ + m₂ v₂
Given that after collision velocity v_f = 0:
m₁ v₁ + m₂ v₂ = 0
Therefore:
v₂ = - (m₁ / m₂) v₁ = - (88 / 132) 9 ≈ - (0.6667) * 9 ≈ -6 m/s
The negative sign indicates the opposite direction. The velocity of the tackle before collision was approximately 6 m/s toward the left.
Problem 7: Work and Power of Elevator
(a) Work done:
W = force height = 9,800 N 27 m = 264,600 J
(b) Power output:
P = W / t = 264,600 J / 17 s ≈ 15,565 W or approximately 15.57 kW
Problem 8: Average Power During Climb
Work done (work = m g h):
W = 91 kg 9.81 m/s² 1120 m ≈ 1,001,987.2 J
Converting time to seconds: 150 minutes = 9000 seconds
Average power:
P = W / t ≈ 1,001,987.2 J / 9000 s ≈ 111.33 W
Problem 9: Work Calculation with Force and Distance
Work is calculated as W = F d cos(θ). Without information about the angle between the force and the displacement or the exact nature of the force vector, we cannot definitively compute work. If the force is applied in the direction of movement (θ=0°), then work = F d = 5 N 2 m = 10 J. If the force is perpendicular or at an angle, the work would differ; thus, additional information is needed to determine the work precisely.
Conclusion
These problems collectively illustrate the application of energy conservation, momentum principles, and basic kinematic equations to analyze physical situations. They exemplify how fundamental physics laws translate into real-world problem-solving, underscoring the importance of understanding these core concepts for both academic and practical applications.
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