A Bullet Leaves A Rifle With A Muzzle Velocity Of 521 M/S

A Bullet Leaves A Rifle With a Muzzle Velocity Of 521 Ms While Ac

A bullet leaves a rifle with a muzzle velocity of 521 m/s. While accelerating through the barrel of the rifle, the bullet moves a distance of 0.840 m. Determine the acceleration of the bullet (assume a uniform acceleration).

Ima Hurryin is approaching a stoplight moving with a velocity of +30.0 m/s. The light turns yellow, and Ima applies the brakes and skids to a stop. If Ima's acceleration is -8.00 m/s², then determine the displacement of the car during the skidding process. (Note that the direction of the velocity and the acceleration vectors are denoted by a + and a - sign.)

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A Bullet Leaves A Rifle With a Muzzle Velocity Of 521 Ms While Ac

Introduction

Physics problems involving motion often require understanding and applying fundamental kinematic equations. Two such applications include analyzing the acceleration of a projectile within a confined barrel and determining the displacement of a vehicle during braking. The first problem involves calculating the uniform acceleration of a bullet, while the second pertains to finding the distance traveled by a car decelerating under a constant negative acceleration.

Problem 1: Bullet acceleration within the rifle barrel

The problem states that a bullet exits a rifle with a muzzle velocity of 521 m/s, having traveled through the barrel a distance of 0.840 m under uniform acceleration. The goal is to find the acceleration of the bullet during this phase.

Designating known quantities:

- Final velocity, \( v = 521\, \text{m/s} \)

- Distance traveled in the barrel, \( s = 0.840\, \text{m} \)

- Initial velocity, \( u = 0\, \text{m/s} \) (assuming the bullet starts at rest within the barrel)

The kinematic equation suitable here is:

\[

v^2 = u^2 + 2as

\]

Rearranged to solve for acceleration \( a \):

\[

a = \frac{v^2 - u^2}{2s}

\]

Calculating acceleration:

\[

a = \frac{(521)^2 - 0}{2 \times 0.840} = \frac{271441}{1.68} \approx 161677.98\, \text{m/s}^2

\]

Thus, the bullet experiences an approximate acceleration of 161,678 m/s² within the rifle barrel, which is consistent with rapid projectile acceleration performed by firearms.

Problem 2: Displacement during vehicle braking

Ima Hurryin approaches a stoplight at a velocity of \( +30.0\, \text{m/s} \). The vehicle’s acceleration when braking is \( -8.00\, \text{m/s}^2 \). The objective is to determine the displacement during the braking process.

Known quantities:

- Initial velocity, \( u = +30.0\, \text{m/s} \)

- Final velocity, \( v = 0\, \text{m/s} \)

- Acceleration, \( a = -8.00\, \text{m/s}^2 \)

Using the kinematic equation:

\[

v^2 = u^2 + 2a s

\]

which rearranged gives:

\[

s = \frac{v^2 - u^2}{2a}

\]

Calculating displacement:

\[

s = \frac{0 - (30.0)^2}{2 \times (-8.00)} = \frac{-900}{-16} = 56.25\, \text{m}

\]

The positive value indicates that the displacement occurs in the direction of the initial velocity. Therefore, Ima’s car skids approximately 56.25 meters before coming to a stop.

Discussion

The calculations demonstrate the application of classical kinematics to real-world physics problems. The high acceleration of the bullet aligns with the intense force exerted within firearm barrels, causing rapid projectile acceleration. Conversely, the vehicle braking calculation highlights how negative acceleration affects displacement, with the braking distance notably dependent on initial velocity and deceleration rate.

Understanding these principles is essential in fields ranging from ballistics engineering to automotive safety design. These calculations also underscore the significance of acceleration and displacement relationships in predicting object motion under various forces.

Conclusion

Through application of fundamental kinematic equations, we determined that the bullet accelerates at approximately 161,678 m/s² within the rifle barrel to reach a muzzle velocity of 521 m/s. Additionally, the skidding car travels about 56.25 meters during braking with a deceleration of 8.00 m/s². These results exemplify how uniform acceleration principles govern dynamic systems encountered in both firearms and vehicular motion.

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