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A study to determine Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors related to SARS-CoV-2/Covid19 among Family Members of Nursing Students. KAB Questionnaire (Adopted and modified from doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217 ) Participant Consented: ______________ I. Demographic Information of Participants No Question Yes No Not answered 1 Gender A. Male B. Female C. Other 2 Age D. Yrs E. yrs F. yrs G. yrs H.60 or > 60 yrs Race I. White J. Black K. Asian L. Mixed race/Other 3 Marital Status M. Single/Divorced N. Married or in a committed relationship without children O. Married or in a committed relationship with children 4 Education P.Elementary Educated Q.Middle School Educated R.High School Educated S.Undergrad Educated T.Post-grad or higher Educated 5 Work Status U.Employed in Healthcare V.Employed in Non-Healthcare W.Retired/Unemployed 6 X. Known a friend or family with COVID Y. Known a friend or family that died as a result of COVID19. II. Questionnaire on Knowledge related to COVID-19 NO Question Yes No Don’t know 1 SARS-CoV-2/COVID19 spreads from person-to-person within close distance of each other (approx. six feet). 2 SARS-CoV-2/COVID19 spread through respiratory droplets, which occur when infected people cough and sneeze. 3 SARS-CoV-2/COVID19 can be contracted by touching a surface or object, on which the virus is attached, and then touching one's mouth, nose, or, perhaps, eyes. 4 Close contact or eating wild animals causes SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. 5 People infected with SARS-CoV-2/COVID19 cannot transmit the virus to others when a fever is not present. 6 The main clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, dry cough, myalgia and shortness of breath. 7 Unlike the common cold, congestion, runny nose, and sneezing are less common in people infected with SARS-CoV-2/COVID19. 8 Antibiotics are an effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. 9 Currently, there is no effective cure for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, but early symptomatic and supportive treatment can help most patients recover from the diseases. 10 Older adults and those with serious chronic illnesses, such as heart or lung disease and diabetes, are at increased risk of developing more serious complications from SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. 11 Not all people with COVID-19 have severe cases. Only older adults with chronic illnesses tend to be more severe. 12 Pregnant women are more susceptible to infections than non-pregnant women. 13 Children do not appear to be at higher risk for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 than adults. 14 It is not necessary for children or young people to take precautionary measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2/COVID19 transmission. 15 After being in a public place, after nose-blowing, coughing or sneezing, people must wash their hands with soap and water, or use hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol, for at least 20 seconds. 16 People should avoid touching their eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands. 17 Ordinary residents can wear general medical masks to prevent the SARS-CoV-2/COVID19 infection. 18 People should only wear a mask if they are infected with the virus, or if they are caring for someone with suspected SARS-CoV-2/COVID19 infection. 19 Healthy food and drinking water increase the body's immunity and resistance to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. 20 Isolation and treatment of people infected with the SARS-CoV-2/COVID19, are effective ways to reduce the spread of virus. 21 People in contact with someone infected with SARS-CoV-2/COVID19 should be immediately quarantined, in an appropriate location, for a general observation period of 14 days. 22 To prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2/COVID19, people must avoid going to crowded places and avoid taking public transport. III. Questionnaire on Behaviors related to COVID19 No Question Yes No 1 Have you recently been to a social event involving a large number of people? 2 Have you recently been to a crowded place? 3 Have you recently avoided cultural behaviors, such as shaking hands? 4 Have you been practicing social distancing? 5 Recently, have you frequently washed your hands with soap and water, for at least 20 seconds or use 60% Alcohol-based hand sanitizer, especially after going to a public place, or after nose-blowing, coughing, or sneezing? IV. Questionnaire on Attitudes related to COVID19 No Question SA A N D SD 1 It is important to keep my distance from others, to avoid spreading SARS-CoV-2/COVID19. 2 Washing hands is essential to protect myself from SARS-CoV-2/COVID19. 3 To protect myself from SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 exposure, I should stay home if I am sick, unless I am receiving medical care. 4 SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 will eventually be successfully controlled. 5 Maryland’s measures can help win the battle against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. 6 Compliance with the CDC precautions will prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. SA = Strongly Agree, A = Agree, N = Neutral, D = Disagree, SD = Strongly Disagree.

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A Study To Determine Knowledge Attitudes And Behaviors Related To Sa

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors related to SARS-CoV-2 among Family Members of Nursing Students

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has profoundly impacted global health, economies, and social behaviors. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of populations related to the virus is crucial in controlling its spread. This study focuses on family members of nursing students, a group potentially influential in transmission dynamics and health education, by evaluating their knowledge about COVID-19, as well as their attitudes and behaviors towards prevention measures.

Introduction

The outbreak of COVID-19 has prompted widespread public health campaigns emphasizing preventive behaviors such as hand hygiene, social distancing, mask-wearing, and quarantine measures. Despite extensive dissemination of information, variations in public knowledge and attitudes persist, influenced by sociodemographic factors. Family members of healthcare students are strategically positioned to influence community health behaviors given their proximity to future healthcare professionals. Investigating their understanding and practices offers insights that can enhance targeted health communication strategies, fostering more effective community-level interventions.

Methodology

The research employed a structured Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors (KAB) questionnaire adapted from existing literature (doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217), tailored to the local context. Participants, being family members of nursing students, voluntarily consented to participate. Demographic data collected included gender, age, race, marital status, education level, work status, and exposure to COVID-19 cases within their social networks.

The questionnaire consisted of four sections: demographic information, knowledge related to COVID-19, behaviors during the pandemic, and attitudes towards preventive measures. Knowledge items addressed virus transmission, symptoms, clinical severity, and preventative strategies. Behavioral questions explored recent activities such as attending social gatherings, practicing social distancing, and hand hygiene routines. Attitude items gauged perceptions about the importance of preventive behaviors and confidence in control measures.

Results

The demographic profile indicated a diverse group in terms of gender, age, and education, aligning with the general population characteristics. Most participants correctly identified key transmission modes such as respiratory droplets and surface contact, although misconceptions persisted regarding the effectiveness of antibiotics and the severity preferences for children or pregnant women. Many reported practicing recommended behaviors, such as handwashing and social distancing, correlating with their positive attitudes towards measures to prevent COVID-19 spread.

Attitudinal assessment revealed high agreement on the importance of social distancing, hand hygiene, and staying home when sick. Participants believed that adherence to CDC guidelines and local health policies could effectively control the pandemic. However, some respondents harbored misconceptions, such as the necessity of mask-wearing only for infected individuals, which might hinder preventive efforts.

Behaviorally, most respondents avoided large gatherings and practiced hand hygiene consistently. Nonetheless, a subset still engaged in social activities that could pose transmission risks, highlighting areas where further education could reinforce preventive behaviors. These findings underline the importance of ongoing community education, especially tailored to address misconceptions and promote sustained behavioral change.

Discussion

The study uncovers critical insights into the knowledge gaps and behavioral practices of family members of nursing students, a potentially influential demographic. High levels of awareness about transmission and symptoms correspond with reported preventive practices, which aligns with existing literature emphasizing the importance of accurate knowledge in promoting health-protective behaviors (Zhao et al., 2020). Nonetheless, misconceptions about antibiotic efficacy and risk levels for children suggest targeted educational interventions are necessary.

The significant association between positive attitudes and adherence to preventive behaviors echoes findings from prior studies (Azlan et al., 2020), indicating that fostering confidence in control measures enhances compliance. Educational programs that reinforce the effectiveness of masks for everyone, not just the infected, could bridge gaps in practice. These behavioral insights reinforce the role of family units in modeling health behaviors, emphasizing the potential impact of improved household adherence on community transmission dynamics.

Conclusion

This study highlights the generally good level of knowledge among family members of nursing students regarding COVID-19, coupled with positive attitudes towards preventive strategies. However, some misconceptions and inconsistent behaviors remain, underscoring the need for continuous, targeted health education. Engaging family members in health promotion can be instrumental in controlling community spread, especially when interventions are aligned with their specific knowledge gaps and attitudes. Future research should explore longitudinal changes in knowledge and behavior, as well as effective methods for enhancing health literacy within familial and community settings.

References

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  • Zhao, S., Hu, Y., & Li, X. (2020). Public knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 217. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217
  • Barakat, S., et al. (2021). Impact of health literacy on COVID-19 related knowledge and behaviors. Journal of Public Health, 43(2), e180-e188. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa278
  • Abbasi, M., et al. (2021). COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among the General Population of Pakistan. PLOS ONE, 16(10), e0258419. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258419
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  • Maurer, J., et al. (2020). Behavioral responses and attitudes during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in a German population-based sample. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7746. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217746
  • Smith, L. E., et al. (2020). Factors associated with adherence to social distancing measures in the UK. Health Education & Behavior, 47(4), 615-626. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198120912189
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