Abnormal Psychology Unit 3 Assignment ✓ Solved

PS440 | Abnormal Psychology Unit 3 Assignment For this

In this assignment, you will compare and contrast the early ways of thinking about psychological disorders to today’s current view and explain the multi-dimensional model and the major approaches (theorized causes) of mental illness. Early Beliefs: In 1 paragraph, explain what early thoughts and beliefs existed about what caused mental illness. Psychological Traditions: In 1 paragraph, describe how one of the Psychological Traditions helped further the beliefs about what causes mental illness (Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of the unconscious, humanism, or the behavioral model). Multi-Dimensional Approach: In a few sentences, explain the idea of a multi-dimensional integrative approach and how it differs from a single approach to understanding the major causes of mental illness. Biological Approach: In 1 paragraph, provide an overview of the biological approach as it relates to an explanation or cause of mental illness. Psychological Approach: In 1 paragraph, provide an overview of the psychological approach as it relates to an explanation or cause of mental illness. Emotions Approach: In 1 paragraph, provide an overview of the emotional approach as it relates to an explanation or cause of mental illness. Social and Cultural Approach: In 1 paragraph, provide an overview of the sociocultural approach as it relates to an explanation or cause of mental illness. Developmental Approach: In 1 paragraph, provide an overview of the developmental approach as it relates to an explanation or cause of mental illness.

Paper For Above Instructions

The understanding of psychological disorders has evolved significantly from early beliefs to contemporary approaches. Early explanations for mental illness were often rooted in supernatural causes, where behaviors were attributed to demonic possession or divine punishment. Ancient cultures did not possess the knowledge we have today about the human mind and body. For instance, the ancient Greeks believed that an imbalance of the four bodily humors—blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile—caused psychological disorders, reflecting a rudimentary understanding of the body’s physiology (Engel, 1977). As time passed, thinkers began to challenge these concepts, leading to richer, multifaceted theories of mental illness.

Among the various psychological traditions, Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory was particularly influential. Freud proposed that mental disorders stemmed from unresolved unconscious conflicts, primarily rooted in childhood experiences. He introduced concepts such as the id, ego, and superego, asserting that these internal struggles contribute to abnormal behavior (Freud, 1900). Freud's emphasis on the unconscious mind provided a framework for understanding the complexity of human psychology, differentiating it from purely biological or social explanations. This marker of exploring internal processes paved the way for contemporary psychodynamic theories that still consider the unconscious influences on behavior.

Contrasting the early singular perspectives, the contemporary view of mental health adopts a multi-dimensional integrative approach. This approach recognizes that psychological disorders arise from a complex interplay of factors, including biological, psychological, emotional, social, and developmental elements. Unlike a singular approach that may focus solely on, for instance, genetic predispositions, the multi-dimensional approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding that acknowledges the numerous influences on mental health (Kendler, 2005). This shift exemplifies an evolution in thinking about mental health, from linear reasoning to embracing a holistic view.

The biological approach provides insight into mental illnesses through the lens of heredity and neurobiology. This perspective asserts that genetics, brain chemistry, and physical health significantly influence psychological disorders. For example, neurotransmitter imbalances, such as low levels of serotonin, are linked with depression and anxiety disorders (Meyer & Quenzer, 2013). Through advancements in neuroscience, we have gained a deeper understanding of how brain structures and functions correlate with psychological conditions, enabling targeted pharmacological treatments that address these biological underpinnings (First et al., 2015).

Conversely, the psychological approach emphasizes the role of cognitive processes and learned behaviors in the development of mental illness. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), a prevalent psychological treatment model, bases its principles on the idea that distorted thinking can lead to maladaptive behaviors and emotional distress. This approach focuses on altering negative thought patterns and behaviors through structured interventions and techniques (Beck, 2011). It underscores the importance of understanding individual thought processes in the context of their environment and experiences.

The emotional approach to mental illness centers on the impact of emotions and emotional regulation. Research indicates that individuals with mental health disorders often struggle with emotional awareness and expression. For instance, individuals with anxiety disorders may avoid certain contexts that elicit fear, leading to avoidance behaviors rather than confronting their emotions (Gross, 2014). Understanding these emotional processes is crucial in addressing disorders like depression and anxiety, where emotional dysregulation can perpetuate the illness.

In addition, the sociocultural approach highlights the influence of societal factors on mental health. This includes the effects of cultural norms, economic conditions, and social support systems on individuals’ psychological well-being. For example, stigma associated with mental illness can prevent individuals from seeking help, leading to exacerbated conditions (Kleinman, 1988). By recognizing cultural and social contexts, mental health professionals can improve treatment efficacy and provide culturally competent care.

Lastly, the developmental approach considers how an individual’s life stages and experiences shape mental health outcomes. Factors such as childhood trauma, significant life changes, and social pressures encountered throughout different life stages can predispose individuals to mental health issues. For instance, research suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to a higher likelihood of developing psychological disorders in adulthood (Felitti et al., 1998). Understanding these developmental trajectories is vital for prevention and early intervention strategies.

In conclusion, the understanding of psychological disorders remains an evolving narrative that incorporates early beliefs and contemporary multidimensional models. Each of the approaches discussed—the biological, psychological, emotional, sociocultural, and developmental—contributes to a holistic understanding of mental illness. By integrating these perspectives, mental health professionals can develop more effective treatment plans that address the diverse and complex factors influencing mental health.

References

• Beck, A. T. (2011). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. Guilford Press.
• Engel, G. L. (1977). The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 2-23.
• Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., ... & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245-258.
• First, M. B., Williams, J. B. W., Karg, R. S., & Spitzer, R. L. (2015). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5). American Psychiatric Publishing.
• Freud, S. (1900). The interpretation of dreams. Macmillan.
• Gross, J. J. (2014). Emotion regulation: Conceptual and practical issues. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 3-20). Guilford Press.
• Kendler, K. S. (2005). Toward a comprehensive developmental model for major depression in women. Psychological Medicine, 35(2), 155-167.
• Kleinman, A. (1988). Rethinking psychiatry: From cultural category to personal experience. Free Press.
• Meyer, J. M., & Quenzer, L. F. (2013). Psychopharmacology: Drugs, the brain, and behavior. Sinauer Associates.
• Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2016). Theories of personality. Cengage Learning.