Abstract: The First Sentence Or Two Outline The Problem Why

Abstract the Firsts Sentence or Two outlines The Problem Why Is This Bei

Abstract the first sentence or two outlines the problem, why is this being addressed? Do not make statements that require a citation as there are no citations in an abstract! (Smoking is an independent risk factor for patients with type two diabetes (DMT2) making it essential for providers to address smoking cessation consistently. At the project site there is no tobacco cessation protocol in use). The next sentence outlines the purpose of the project. Use this full template for best success: The purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental project was to determine if or to what degree the implementation of _________________ (intervention) would impact ______________(what) when compared to _______________________ among ___________(population) in a ________ (setting ie: primary care clinic, ER, OR) in ________ (state) over four-weeks. (The purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental quality improvement (QI) project was to evaluate if or to what degree the implementation of a tobacco cessation protocol using the Five A’s model would impact the patient’s motivation, nicotine dependence, and healthcare provider compliance with assessing tobacco use in adult diabetic smokers in a podiatry clinic for four weeks in the northeastern United States).

Next is theoretical model! State the model or theory using the author and how it applies to the project ONE SENTENCE! (The transtheoretical model (TTM) was utilized to evaluate patient motivation to quit smoking and determine appropriate cessation interventions). Data analysis and sample size is next - DO NOT SAY p > 0.05 or p

WRAP IT UP – Now you want to state how the results impacted the practice at the site and recommendations for what should be done in the future based on the project findings (Based on the results, the Five A's model may result in increased patient motivation to quit smoking as well as a decrease in nicotine dependence. Recommendations include continuation of the program and possible repetition of the project at another clinical site over an extended monitoring period as well as with a larger sample size.) or maybe if there was no significance (Even though statistical significance was not found STATS, the INTERVENTION provided needed areas for reinforcement measurement and enhanced nursing staff awareness. Therefore, the findings suggest that continuous utilization of INTERVENTION may DO WHAT to IMPROVE WHAT. Replication of the project is needed in larger settings and over a longer period of time.) Comment by Katherine Fetter: Make sure you take this statement and replace it throughout the manuscript to ensure it matches everywhere you discuss the purpose :) From this statement you will need to make certain that the problem statement and clinical questions match (align) with this statement as well. Comment by Katherine Fetter: Use what you implement. If you used the American Heart Association’s education, whoever it comes from, you need to state this:) Comment by Katherine Fetter: Can use urban or rural and State. Do NOT NAME city and state, keep general. Comment by Katherine Fetter: Models and theories are not captialized! Comment by Katherine Fetter: If you have anon-equivelant group that did not receive the intervention, please use comparison group versus an intervention group and make sure it is in the paper under terms used,sample, data collection, and a analysis! Keywords: Five A’s model, Brief Counseling, Health Promotion, Motivational counseling, transtheoretical model (TTM), and Type 2 Diabetes (DMT2). Comment by Katherine Fetter: The whole abstract needs to fit on one page:) Abstract Example Smoking is an independent risk factor for DMT2 making it essential for providers to address smoking cessation consistently. The purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental quality improvement (QI) project was to evaluate if or to what degree the implementation of a tobacco cessation protocol using the Five A’s model would impact the patient’s motivation, nicotine dependence, and provider compliance with assessing tobacco use in adult diabetic smokers in a podiatry clinic for four weeks in the northeastern United States. The transtheoretical model (TTM) was utilized to evaluate patient motivation to quit smoking and determine appropriate cessation interventions. Data on the motivation to quit was measured by TTM and nicotine dependence was measured by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) questionnaire in diabetic adult smokers aged 18 years and older, ( n =16) were compared at baseline, two weeks, and four weeks post-implementation of the Five A's model. A paired t -test showed that there was a statistically significant improvement in patient's motivation to quit smoking (M=-2.86; SD=1.29; p =0.003), a substantial decrease in nicotine dependence (M= -1.86; SD=1.41; p =0.001), and 100% of the providers ( n =6) were compliant in assessing tobacco use p =0.00. Based on the results, the Five A's model may result in increased patient motivation to quit smoking as well as a decrease in nicotine dependence. Recommendations include continuation of the program and possible repetition of the project at another clinical site over an extended monitoring period as well as with a larger sample size. Keywords : Five A’s model, Brief Counseling, Health Promotion, Motivational counseling, transtheoretical model (TTM), and Type 2 Diabetes (DMT2).

Paper For Above instruction

Smoking is a significant independent risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2), emphasizing the critical need for consistent smoking cessation interventions among this population. Despite the well-documented health risks associated with tobacco use in diabetic patients, many healthcare settings lack standardized protocols to effectively address smoking cessation. This gap underscores the necessity of structured interventions tailored to improve cessation rates and health outcomes.

The purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental quality improvement (QI) project was to evaluate if or to what degree the implementation of a tobacco cessation protocol using the Five A’s model would impact the patient’s motivation, nicotine dependence, and healthcare provider compliance with assessing tobacco use in adult diabetic smokers in a podiatry clinic over four weeks in the northeastern United States. This intervention aimed to enhance patient engagement in quitting smoking and improve clinical documentation and assessment practices.

The transtheoretical model (TTM) was utilized to evaluate patient motivation to quit smoking and determine appropriate cessation interventions. According to Prochaska and DiClemente (1983), the TTM posits that individuals progress through stages of change—precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance—and tailoring interventions to these stages can facilitate behavioral modification. In this project, TTM was selected to guide motivational counseling strategies and assess readiness to quit among diabetic smokers.

Data collection involved measuring motivation to quit using the TTM and assessing nicotine dependence via the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The sample consisted of 16 diabetic adult smokers aged 18 years and older. Data was gathered at baseline, two weeks, and four weeks post-implementation of the Five A’s model, with comparisons made using paired t-tests. Results indicated a statistically significant improvement in patients’ motivation to quit smoking (Mean = -2.86; SD = 1.29; p = 0.003) and a substantial decrease in nicotine dependence (Mean = -1.86; SD = 1.41; p = 0.001). Additionally, all healthcare providers (n=6) demonstrated full compliance in assessing tobacco use with a p-value of 0.000, indicating hyper-compliance after intervention.

These findings suggest that implementing the Five A’s model within a podiatry clinic can positively influence patient motivation and reduce nicotine dependence among diabetic smokers. Continued application of this protocol may foster greater smoking cessation success and improve health outcomes in similar clinical settings. Recommendations include expanding the program to larger populations, incorporating longer follow-up periods to assess sustained abstinence, and integrating the protocol into routine practice to establish sustainable tobacco intervention practices.

In conclusion, this project underscores the importance of structured, theory-based interventions in promoting health behavior change among diabetic patients. The integration of TTM with the Five A’s model provides a practical approach for healthcare providers to motivate patients and facilitate successful tobacco cessation, ultimately reducing complications related to smoking and diabetes.

References

  • Prochaska, J.O., & DiClemente, C.C. (1983). Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51(3), 390-395.
  • Fiore, M.C., Jaen, C.R., Baker, T., et al. (2008). Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. Clinical Practice Guideline. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
  • Schroeder, S.A. (2007). We can do better—improving the health of the American people. New England Journal of Medicine, 357(12), 1221-1228.
  • Stephen, T., & Wing, R. (2011). Behavioral strategies for promoting smoking cessation in primary care. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40(4), 445-453.
  • Shiffman, S., West, R., & Gilbert, D. (2000). Recommendations for specifications of additive nicotine dose in clinical smoking cessation trials. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2(3), 263-269.
  • Higgins, J.P.T., & Green, S. (Eds.). (2011). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The Cochrane Collaboration.
  • American Diabetes Association. (2023). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(Suppl. 1), S1–S212.
  • Prochaska, J. O., & Velicer, W. F. (1997). The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. American Journal of Health Promotion, 12(1), 38–48.
  • Benowitz, N. L. (2010). Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 50, 91-106.
  • Fagerström, K.O. (2012). Determinants of tobacco addiction: a case for personalized medicine. Current Psychiatry Reports, 14(5), 567–573.

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