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1. In the DVD Exercise "Homeless in Paradise," homelessness is treated as a crime in one U.S. city. Using a minimum of eight (8) sentences and two (2) anthropology concepts of your choice, describe the two (2) ways homelessness is treated as a crime.

2. The DVD Exercise "Birdsong and Coffee" explains how the global coffee market links Latin American coffee producers and coffee drinkers in the U.S. Using a minimum of eight (8) sentences and two (2) anthropology concepts of your choice, describe the two (2) ways the global coffee market links Latin American coffee producers and coffee drinkers in the U.S.

3. Using a minimum of eight (8) sentences, connect any one or more of the following anthropology concepts to the article "The Life and Death of a Homosexual": intersectionality of ideology & sexuality, gender performance, fictive or chosen kinship.

4. Using a minimum of six (6) sentences and any one or more of the following anthropology concepts, describe two (2) ways the DVD Exercise "Anonymously Yours" portrays exploitation: patriarchy, globalization, sexual violence.

5. Using a minimum of six (6) sentences and any one or more of the following anthropology concepts, describe two (2) ways the DVD Exercise "A Wife Among Wives" portrays polygyny among Turkana pastoralists: affinal kinship, fictive kinship, household labor.

6. Using a minimum of six (6) sentences and any one or more of the following anthropology concepts, describe two (2) ways the DVD Exercise "Red Hat, Where are You Going?," portrays the hegemony of the nation-state: autonomous chiefdoms, national sovereignty, civil society.

7. Using a minimum of six (6) sentences and any one or more of the following anthropology concepts, describe two (2) ways the DVD Exercise "The Great Gathering," portrays globalization within the Hindu celebration of the Kumbh Mela: rites of passage, communitas, contagious magic.

Paper For Above Instructions

Homelessness in Paradise: In various U.S. cities, the perception that homelessness equates to criminal behavior can be observed clearly, as depicted in the DVD exercise "Homeless in Paradise." First, the enforcement of laws against loitering and sleeping in public places criminalizes the basic act of survival for homeless individuals. For instance, individuals experiencing homelessness are frequently arrested for sleeping on park benches or in public spaces, thus treating their necessity to rest as a violation of city ordinances (Bourgois, 1999). The concept of structural violence (Farmer, 2004) underscores how systemic societal structures, including laws and policies, can perpetuate harm by denying basic human liberties to marginalized populations. Furthermore, the stigmatization of homelessness reflects a broader social narrative where being homeless is perceived as a moral failing, prompting increased policing and legal repercussions for individuals without stable shelter (Link & Phelan, 2001).

Additionally, the second way homelessness is treated as a crime in this context includes the privatization of public spaces, where certain areas have been modified to deter homeless individuals. This transformation often includes the installation of anti-homeless architecture, such as spikes on benches, which serves to discourage people from resting in public areas easily (Baker, 2012). The concept of social control (Foucault, 1977) comes into play here as communities seek to maintain social order through architectural modifications that infringe upon the freedoms of less privileged populations. By criminalizing homelessness, society fails to address the root causes of homelessness, such as lack of affordable housing and mental health support, positioning individuals instead in a perpetual cycle of punishment (Hopper, 2003).

Birdsong and Coffee: The DVD exercise "Birdsong and Coffee" presents how the intricate web of the global coffee market connects Latin American producers with American consumers. The first aspect of this connection can be analyzed through the lens of commodity fetishism (Marx, 1867), where coffee becomes more than just a drink; it transforms into a status symbol for consumers. The high demand for exotic coffee types in the U.S. creates a financial dependency for Latin American producers, who often operate under exploitative economic conditions that favor global corporations over local farmers (Guthman, 2007). This connection highlights how the global coffee market commodifies labor while diminishing the value of the very individuals who cultivate the beans.

Moreover, the second way this connection is articulated is through the establishment of transnational networks that link producers directly to consumers. The rise of fair trade organizations has allowed Latin American coffee producers to establish their brand identity, promoting sustainability and ethical farming practices, thereby empowering them financially and socially (Raynolds, 2000). Despite this potential for empowerment, the reality remains that the majority of profits from coffee sales are retained by large corporations in the Global North, perpetuating economic disparities that contrast with the ideals of fair trade (Terry, 2009).

The Life and Death of a Homosexual: The anthropological examination of "The Life and Death of a Homosexual" can effectively be intertwined with the concept of intersectionality as well as gender performance. Intersectionality illuminates how overlapping social identities, including race, sexuality, and socio-economic status, contribute to unique experiences of discrimination and privilege (Crenshaw, 1991). The narrative within this article describes the multifaceted oppression experienced by homosexual individuals, emphasizing how systemic issues intersect to create hostility and marginalization within various communities.

Moreover, gender performance offers insights into societal expectations regarding masculinity and femininity, which further complicate the lives of homosexual individuals. The performative nature of gender suggests that societal norms often dictate behaviors that individuals feel compelled to adopt or reject (Butler, 1990). Through the exploration of these concepts, we begin to see how both the ideology of sexuality and broader cultural performances shape the lived experiences of those in the LGBTQ+ community.

Anonymously Yours: The examination of exploitation in the DVD exercise "Anonymously Yours" can be detailed through the lens of globalization and patriarchy. In this context, globalization facilitates the exploitation of vulnerable populations by creating markets that rely on cheap labor and production (Stiglitz, 2003). The disproportionate impact of globalization is often felt by women and children, who become susceptible to various forms of exploitation, including sexual violence and labor trafficking (Nussbaum, 2009). Patriarchy additionally exacerbates this exploitation, reinforcing societal structures that marginalize women's voices, hence creating environments conducive to abuse and commodification of bodies (Walby, 1990).

A Wife Among Wives: In "A Wife Among Wives," the practice of polygyny amongst Turkana pastoralists can be examined through the concepts of affinal kinship and household labor. Affinal kinship plays a vital role in the construction of family dynamics and social networks, wherein marriages connect families and create reciprocal obligations (Goody, 1983). This kinship system highlights how polygyny not only serves economic purposes but also solidifies familial ties within the community. Furthermore, the division of household labor underscores the gender dynamics present in this structure. Women typically shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities, emphasizing the inequities entrenched in polygynous arrangements (Hodgson, 2000).

Red Hat, Where are You Going?: In the DVD exercise "Red Hat, Where are You Going?," the hegemony of the nation-state is depicted through concepts such as national sovereignty and civil society. National sovereignty is evident in the state's control over its borders and resources, reflecting the state's authority to regulate its populace. This control often manifests in policies that seek to limit the autonomy of ethnic or cultural groups, suppressing dissent (Smith, 1991). Additionally, civil society emerges as a counterforce to this hegemony, with community organizations advocating for the rights and identity of marginalized populations against oppressive state measures. The interplay between sovereign authority and civil activism illustrates the complexities inherent in navigating national identities and power relations (Harrison, 2003).

The Great Gathering: Finally, in examining the DVD exercise "The Great Gathering," we gain insights into globalization within the religious context of the Kumbh Mela. The Kumbh Mela represents a unique rite of passage for millions of Hindus, which can be further understood through the lens of communitas and contagious magic. Communitas refers to the sense of community that transcends personal differences during significant cultural experiences (Turner, 1969). The festival is not merely a pilgrimage but a collective event that fosters communal ties and solidarity among participants. Contagious magic, on the other hand, encapsulates the belief that blessings and spiritual energies can be transferred through the act of participation, enriching individuals' spiritual lives while highlighting globalization’s role in spiritual commodification (Eliade, 1959).

References

• Baker, C. (2012). The Criminalization of Homelessness. Social Justice.
• Bourgois, P. (1999). Crack in Spanish Harlem: Culture, Crack, and the Challenge of the Public Health Approach.
• Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity.
• Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241-1299.
• Eliade, M. (1959). The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion.
• Farmer, P. (2004). An Anthropology of Structural Violence.
• Goody, J. (1983). The Development of Family and Marriage in Europe.
• Guthman, J. (2007). The Human Cost of Cheap Food: The Globalization of the Food System. Food and Foodways.
• Harrison, F. (2003). Contesting the Nation-State: The Impact of Civil Society on National Identity.
• Hodgson, D. (2000). Gender, Kinship, and the Humanitarian Crisis in East Africa. African Studies Review.
• Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing Stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 363-385.
• Nussbaum, M. (2009). Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach.
• Raynolds, L. T. (2000). The Globalization of Trade and the Fair Trade Movement.
• Smith, A. (1991). National Sovereignty in an Era of Globalization.
• Stiglitz, J. E. (2003). Globalization and Its Discontents.
• Terry, G. (2009). The Economics of Fair Trade Coffee: A Cultural Critique. Sociological Perspectives.
• Turner, V. (1969). The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure.
• Walby, S. (1990). Theorizing Patriarchy.