Annotated Bibliography Of Two Theories And Two Concepts ✓ Solved

Annotated Bibliography Of Two Theories And Two Conceptual

Assignment: Part 1 Write an annotated bibliography of two theories and two conceptual framework models. Use your knowledge from Week 4 about writing an annotated bibliography. You may use any theories and conceptual frameworks you choose. Name the theory or conceptual framework in a heading.

Write two or three paragraphs about the author, the concept of the theory or conceptual framework. Write at least one paragraph of the use in history and today or why it is not used today. Write a conclusion about your thoughts on the theory or conceptual framework.

Assignment: Part 2 Using the instruction below, access the SPSS page and create an account. Write a paragraph of your experience getting to this stage. NCU includes the IBM SPSS Statistics software as a component covered by the Course Materials Fee. You will need this software for your statistics course(s) and may wish to use the software for other courses and/or your dissertation.

Paper For Above Instructions

Theory 1: Social Learning Theory

Social Learning Theory (SLT), formulated by Albert Bandura in the 1960s, posits that learning occurs through observation, imitation, and modeling. This theory emphasizes the importance of social influence and the role of observational learning in human behavior. Bandura's groundbreaking work laid the foundation for understanding how individuals learn not only through their experiences but also through the experiences of others. The core idea is that people learn by watching others and that this learning can lead to changes in behavior.

Bandura’s initial experiments, particularly the Bobo doll experiment, showcased how children learn aggressive behaviors through the observation of adults. This theory has significant historical implications, particularly in understanding the socialization of children, media influence, and the development of behaviors. In contemporary society, SLT remains relevant, particularly in addressing issues such as media influence on behavior, educational settings, and therapy practices. However, critiques argue that it may overlook genetic and biological factors influencing behavior.

In conclusion, Social Learning Theory offers a comprehensive framework for understanding behavior development and the impact of social context. It highlights the importance of social interactions in shaping behavior and provides valuable insights for various fields, including education, psychology, and social work. Despite its limitations, SLT remains a pivotal theory in understanding behavior perpetuation through social learning mechanisms.

Theory 2: Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Cognitive Dissonance Theory, proposed by Leon Festinger in 1957, posits that individuals experience discomfort when their beliefs and behaviors are inconsistent. The theory suggests that this dissonance leads individuals to change either their beliefs or their behaviors to achieve internal consistency. Festinger's work brought attention to the psychological discomfort associated with conflicting cognitive elements, which can drive individuals to rationalize their choices and attitudes.

The historical significance of Cognitive Dissonance Theory lies in its application across various domains, including psychology, marketing, and public health. For instance, it has been utilized to understand consumer behavior and the motivations behind purchasing decisions. Today, the theory is prevalent in clinical psychology, where therapists help clients resolve dissonance related to harmful behaviors, such as substance abuse. However, some critiques argue that the theory oversimplifies complex human motivations and emotions.

In summary, Cognitive Dissonance Theory provides a valuable framework for understanding how cognitive conflicts impact behavior and decision-making processes. It underscores the human drive for consistency and highlights the psychological strategies individuals employ to mitigate internal conflicts. Despite its challenges, the theory remains influential in fields ranging from behavioral psychology to marketing strategies.

Conceptual Framework 1: Ecological Systems Theory

Ecological Systems Theory, developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner in the 1970s, emphasizes the complex layers of environments that influence human development. This framework includes five environmental systems: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Each system interacts with the others, shaping individuals' experiences and development over time. The microsystem includes immediate environments such as family and school, while the macrosystem encompasses broader socio-cultural factors.

Historically, Ecological Systems Theory has provided an essential lens for understanding child development in various contexts. It has been instrumental in educational practices and policies aimed at improving children's welfare. In contemporary applications, the theory continues to be relevant, especially in discussions surrounding social justice and community health, as it acknowledges the multi-layered influences impacting individuals' lives. However, critiques often note the difficulty in operationalizing the theory in empirical research due to its complexity.

Ultimately, Ecological Systems Theory serves as a critical framework for understanding the interrelatedness of individual development and environmental factors. It underscores the influence of systemic contexts on personal growth and offers a nuanced perspective for educators, policymakers, and mental health professionals.

Conceptual Framework 2: The Health Belief Model

The Health Belief Model (HBM) was developed in the 1950s to understand why individuals fail to adopt health-protective behaviors. The model suggests that people are more likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors if they perceive themselves to be susceptible to a health issue, believe it will have serious consequences, believe taking a specific action would reduce their susceptibility or severity, and believe the benefits of taking that action outweigh the costs or barriers. This framework has been widely used in health education and promotion interventions.

The historical use of the HBM can be traced back to various public health campaigns aimed at encouraging healthy behaviors, such as vaccination programs and smoking cessation. Today, the model endures as a foundational concept in understanding health behaviors and designing effective health communication strategies. However, some criticisms point to its limitations in accounting for social and environmental factors influencing health behavior.

In conclusion, the Health Belief Model remains a significant tool in the field of public health. It provides a framework for understanding the motivations behind health-related behaviors and assists in crafting tailored interventions that address individuals' perceptions and beliefs about health risks.

Experiencing SPSS Registration

Accessing the SPSS page to create an account was a straightforward process. Following the provided link, I utilized my NCU email address to register. The registration process was seamless, and I received a confirmation email promptly. Upon clicking the verification link, I finalized my account setup and was able to download the software without issues. Navigating the software's features looks promising as I prepare for my statistics courses. The support resources available through IBM's Knowledge Center were particularly helpful during installation.

References

• Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Prentice Hall.
• Festinger, L. (1957). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford University Press.
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Harvard University Press.
• Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). Historical Origins of the Health Belief Model. Health Education Monographs.
• Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning Theories: An Educational Perspective. Pearson Education.
• Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.
• Cohen, J. & McCauley, C. (1980). Social Learning and the Socialization of Aggression. Psychological Bulletin.
• Wang, M. T., & Eccles, J. S. (2013). Adolescent behavioral, emotional, and academic trajectories: Patterns, predictors, and outcomes. Developmental Psychology.
• Green, L. W., & Kreuter, M. W. (2005). Health Program Planning: An Educational and Ecological Approach. McGraw-Hill.
• Strecher, V. J., & Rosenstock, I. M. (1997). The Health Belief Model. In Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. Jossey-Bass.