Apa Format: 400 To 500 Words With 2 Sources Attached

Apa Format 400 To 500 Words With 2 Sources Attaching The Grading Rub

Create a research hypothesis in your area of study that would be answered using a chi square test of independence. Include the following: Introduction: Brief description of the study including the purpose and importance of the research question being asked. What is the null hypothesis? What is the research hypothesis? Participants/Sampling Method: Describe your sampling method. What is your sample size? Who is your population of interest? How representative is the sample of the population under study? Data Analysis: Describe the statistical analysis. (HINT: This should be a chi square test of independence). What is your IV? What is your DV? What level of measurement are your IV and DV? What is your alpha level? Results & Discussion: Did you reject the null hypothesis? What information did you use to lead you to your conclusion? Was your p value greater than or less than your alpha? NOTE: You can just make up numbers, but include your made-up p value.

Paper For Above instruction

Title: Exploring the Relationship Between Educational Attainment and Voting Behavior among College Students

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between students' educational attainment and their voting preferences in local elections. Understanding this relationship is critical because it can inform policymakers and educators about factors influencing political engagement among young adults. The significance stems from the ongoing debate about civic education and its impact on democratic participation. The research question asks whether there is a dependence between the level of education (whether a student is an undergraduate or a graduate student) and their voting behavior (whether they voted or not in recent elections). The null hypothesis (H₀) posits that there is no association between educational level and voting participation. The alternative hypothesis (H₁) suggests that there is an association, indicating dependence between the two variables.

Participants/Sampling Method

The sample consisted of 200 college students selected through stratified random sampling to ensure representation of both undergraduate and graduate students from a large public university. The sampling method involved dividing the student population into two strata based on educational status and randomly selecting 100 students from each group. The total sample size of 200 is adequate for chi square analysis, providing sufficient power to detect differences. The population of interest includes all enrolled college students at the university, and while the sample aims to be representative, it may not fully encapsulate students from different universities or regions. Still, it provides a focused insight into the hypothesis within this specific academic environment.

Data Analysis

A chi square test of independence will be used to analyze the data because both variables—educational attainment and voting behavior—are categorical. The independent variable (IV) is educational level, coded as undergraduate or graduate, and the dependent variable (DV) is voting behavior, coded as voted or did not vote. Both variables are nominal level of measurement. The significance level (alpha) is set at 0.05, which is standard in social sciences research.

Results & Discussion

Suppose the analysis revealed a p value of 0.03. Since this p value is less than the alpha level of 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis. This suggests there is a statistically significant association between educational level and voting behavior among college students in this sample. The findings imply that graduate students are more likely to vote than undergraduates, possibly due to increased civic awareness or maturity associated with higher education levels. These results highlight the importance of targeted civic education programs at all levels of higher education to promote political engagement.

In conclusion, the chi square test indicates a dependence between educational attainment and voting behavior, providing insights that can inform policies aimed at increasing civic participation among young adults. Future research could explore underlying factors contributing to this dependence, such as civic education, age, or socio-economic status.

References

• Babbie, E. (2017). The Practice of Social Research. Cengage Learning.
• Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2017). Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. Cengage Learning.