Assignment 1 Pico Question With Reference Lists In This Assi ✓ Solved
Assignment 1 Pico Question With Reference Listsin This Assignment
In this assignment, you will develop a PICO question based on a topic of your own interest. Through searching the literature, you will identify four primary research articles plus one secondary research article that address your specific topic. You will create a reference list of these five articles using APA (6th ed.) citation style. Articles must be published within past 7 years. This assignment should be typed. Submit this assignment plus your five research articles together in the assignment one tab in blackboard. It is necessary to submit a PDF copy of these articles so that I can verify the content. In addition, you will refer to these articles during class activities throughout the course.
Sample Paper For Above instruction
Developing a PICO question on medication adherence among patients with heart failure is essential for guiding evidence-based nursing interventions. This paper discusses my process of creating a clinical PICO question, searching relevant literature, selecting appropriate articles, and analyzing their relevance to my clinical inquiry.
Clinical Question: In patients with heart failure, does the use of behavioral interventions reduce the risk of medication nonadherence compared to educational interventions?
PICO Components:
- Patient/Problem: Patients with heart failure
- Intervention: Behavioral interventions such as reminders
- Comparison: Educational interventions alone
- Outcome: Medication adherence
The question type is primarily preventative and therapeutic, focusing on how behavioral strategies could improve medication adherence, potentially reducing hospital readmissions and better managing symptoms (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2019). This question is relevant to nursing practice because nurses play a pivotal role in patient education, medication management, and promoting adherence.
Literature Search Strategy: To gather evidence, I used the databases CINAHL and PubMed, which are comprehensive sources for nursing and medical research. My key search terms included combinations using Boolean operators such as "heart failure AND adherence," "heart failure AND behavioral intervention," as well as synonyms like "cardiac failure," "compliance," and "persistence." I limited results to studies published within the past seven years and in English language. These filters helped narrow the search to the most current, relevant research.
The search yielded thousands of articles, which I further refined by applying filters for peer-reviewed research. I created a table summarizing my search process, including the keywords, filters applied, and the number of results. For example, in CINAHL, combining "heart failure OR cardiac failure" with "adherence OR compliance" yielded over 1,250 articles, which I filtered further by adding "medication" as a keyword.
Selection of Articles: To determine if the articles qualified as primary research, I examined whether the report described original data collection, methodology, and analysis related to my PICO question. All five selected articles were primary research, including randomized controlled trials and qualitative studies, explicitly addressing the effect of behavioral or educational interventions on medication adherence in heart failure patients.
Analysis of Selected Articles:
1. Andrews, Russell & Cheng (2017) conducted a systematic review of medication adherence interventions among older adults with heart failure, highlighting behavioral strategies that significantly improved adherence.
2. Ekman et al. (2017) explored patients’ unmet expectations regarding medication management, emphasizing the importance of personalized behavioral interventions.
3. Goldstein et al. (2014) assessed telemedicine reminders and found they increase medication adherence, especially in older adults.
4. Granger et al. (2013) investigated patients' perceptions of their medicines, revealing psychosocial factors influencing adherence.
5. Holt et al. (2014) conducted a qualitative study on barriers to medication adherence, identifying themes like memory issues and the need for supportive interventions.
Each study supports the efficacy of behavioral strategies over education alone in promoting medication adherence among heart failure patients.
References:
Andrews, A. M., Russell, C. L., & Cheng, A.-L. (2017). Medication adherence interventions for older adults with heart failure: A systematic review. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 1–10.
Ekman, I., Wolf, A., Vaughan Dickson, V., Bosworth, H. B., & Granger, B. B. (2017). Unmet expectations of medications and care providers among patients with heart failure assessed to be poorly adherent: results from the CHIME study. European Journal Of Cardiovascular Nursing, 16(7), 646–654.
Goldstein, C. M., Gathright, E. C., Dolansky, M. A., Gunstad, J., Sterns, A., Redle, J. D., & Hughes, J. W. (2014). Randomized controlled feasibility trial of two telemedicine medication reminder systems for older adults with heart failure. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 20(6), 293–299.
Granger, B. B., McBroom, K., Bosworth, H. B., Hernandez, A., & Ekman, I. (2013). The meanings associated with medicines in heart failure patients. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 12(3), 276–283.
Holt, E. W., Rung, A. L., Leon, K. A., Firestein, C., & Krousel-Wood, M. A. (2014). Medication adherence in older adults: A qualitative study. Educational Gerontology, 40(3), 198–211.