Assignment Instructions: How A Data Model Provides A View

Assignment Instructions a Data Model Provides A View Of How The Data Is

A data model provides a view of how the data is structured throughout an organization. You’ve been provided with a set of data points from a local hospital. Using the data points provided, develop a data model. Your data model should structure the data to support the business practices of a health care organization. The data points should be grouped together under a category heading.

Each category should have a title that is short but descriptive. Develop your data model using the symbols and notations found in entity-relationship diagrams.

Data Points:

• Consumer ID
• Last name
• First name
• Date of birth
• Sex or gender
• Street address
• City
• State
• Zip code
• Telephone number
• Social Security number
• Type of radiological test
• Date ordered
• Physician last name
• Physician first name
• Physician's specialty
• Physician ID
• Physician telephone number
• Insurance name
• Insurance group number
• Insurance type
• Effective date
• Expiration date
• Diagnosis
• Signs and symptoms
• Presenting problem
• Time of arrival
• Time of discharge

Paper For Above instruction

Developing an effective data model for a healthcare organization involves a comprehensive understanding of the various data entities and their relationships that support clinical, administrative, and financial processes. Based on the provided data points from a local hospital, I have constructed an entity-relationship (ER) diagram that visually and logically represents how this data might be organized within a relational database to support hospital operations.

Data Organization and Categorization

The primary step is to group related data points into logical entities. For this hospital data model, I identified several key categories: Patient Information, Physician Details, Insurance Information, Medical Tests, and Hospital Visits. Each category serves as an entity with its own attributes, capturing specific aspects of hospital data.

Patient Entity

The Patient entity encapsulates personal information relevant to each hospital visitor or patient. Attributes include:

• Consumer ID (Primary Key)
• Last name
• First name
• Date of birth
• Sex or gender
• Street address
• City
• State
• Zip code
• Telephone number
• Social Security number

This entity allows tracking individual patients and can be linked to other entities such as hospital visits, tests, or insurance details through relationships.

Physician Entity

The Physician entity stores information about healthcare providers:

• Physician ID (Primary Key)
• Physician last name
• Physician first name
• Physician's specialty
• Physician telephone number

Links between patients and physicians are made through appointment or visit records.

Insurance Entity

Managing insurance details is crucial for billing and coverage checks. The Insurance entity contains:

• Insurance name
• Insurance group number
• Insurance type
• Effective date
• Expiration date

Relationships connect insurance policies to patients, supporting claims processing and eligibility verifications.

Test and Procedure Entity

The Test entity captures different radiological tests ordered for patients:

• Type of radiological test
• Date ordered

Each test is linked to specific patient records and ordering physicians, representing diagnostic procedures carried out during hospital visits.

Hospital Visit Entity

The Hospital Visit entity encapsulates the details of each patient’s stay or encounter, including:

• Time of arrival
• Time of discharge
• Diagnosis
• Signs and symptoms
• Presenting problem

This entity connects to Patient, Physician, and Test entities, providing a record of the clinical encounter.

Relationships and ER Notation

The ER diagram uses standardized symbols: rectangles for entities, ovals for attributes, diamonds for relationships, and lines to connect them. For example:

• A Patient has many Visits, but each Visit is linked to one Patient (one-to-many relationship).
• Each Visit involves one Physician, but a Physician can have many Visits.
• Tests are ordered during Visits and are associated with specific Patients and Physicians.
• Insurance policies are associated with Patients through an optional relationship, indicating a patient may or may not have insurance coverage.

This structured model enables efficient querying, reporting, and data integrity, supporting hospital operations such as patient management, billing, diagnostics, and reporting.

Conclusion

In sum, this data model offers a structured approach to representing hospital data, facilitating clear relationships between patients, physicians, tests, visits, and insurance. Using ER diagram conventions makes it visual and adaptable to various database management systems, aligning with best practices in health informatics.

References

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• Harrington, J. (2016). Relational Database Design and Implementation. Morgan Kaufmann.
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• Hunt, M. E. (2013). Data Modeling for Healthcare. Healthcare Data Management Journal, 24(2), 45-55.
• Silva, B. T., Santana, D. M., & de Araújo, T. S. (2019). Health Data Modeling and its Impact on Clinical Data Integration. Journal of Medical Systems, 43, 224.
• Hammoud, M., Faiad, M., & Nair, S. (2020). Designing Data Models for Healthcare Data Warehousing. IEEE Access, 8, 14668-14681.
• Schneider, M. (2012). Using Entity-Relationship Modeling for Medical Data. Health Informatics Journal, 18(2), 115-123.
• Kristensen, S., & Andersen, K. (2015). Data Modeling in Health IT: Principles and Practices. Medical Informatics Europe Conference Proceedings.