Asthma APA 7th Edition (excludes Cover Page, References)

Asthma APA 7th edition (excludes cover page, references and appendices)

Asthma APA 7th edition (excludes cover page, references and appendices)

asthma APA 7th edition (excludes cover page, references and appendices)Tables can be placed in Appendix, but in-text content still needed/summarized for the corresponding section 6 pages 5 references within the past 4-5 years Plagiarism less than 20

Introduction

Background: Provide a brief overview of facts about the clinical problem/indication and include any pertinent epidemiologic statistics across the lifespan.

Current Medical/Surgical Treatment Options: Include prescription, over the counter and alternative therapies; briefly summarize lifespan considerations. Consider a chart or table to better describe/explain.

Case Presentation: Brief case presentation (1/2 to 2/3 page) which includes pertinent: demographics, presenting signs/symptoms, H&P, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Outcomes, as they are most relevant to the focused case scenario.

Implications for the Registered Nurse: how will you integrate this knowledge into your practice and what will be the initiatives considered for health promotion and disease prevention.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

Asthma remains a significant chronic respiratory condition affecting millions globally and across all age groups. Characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airflow obstruction, asthma manifests with symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing (Global Initiative for Asthma [GINA], 2023). The epidemiology of asthma shows it affects approximately 262 million people worldwide, with a rising prevalence in both children and adults, underscoring the importance of effective management strategies (Partnerships for Clean Air, 2021). Understanding the disease's pathophysiology and treatment options is essential for healthcare practitioners to promote optimal patient outcomes and prevent exacerbations.

Background and Epidemiologic Statistics

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with varying severity and phenotypes influenced by genetic and environmental factors (Barnes, 2022). Epidemiologically, the prevalence of asthma varies geographically, with higher rates observed in developed countries, potentially due to better diagnostic awareness and environmental exposures. In children, asthma is the most common chronic illness, affecting approximately 8-12% of school-aged populations (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2022). In adults, the prevalence ranges from 4-8%, often associated with comorbidities such as allergic rhinitis and obesity (Moorman et al., 2020). The burden of asthma includes not only healthcare costs but also reduced quality of life and productivity losses, emphasizing the need for comprehensive management plans.

Current Medical and Surgical Treatment Options

The management of asthma involves a combination of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies tailored to disease severity and patient-specific factors (GINA, 2023). Pharmacologic treatment primarily includes inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as the cornerstone for long-term control, often combined with long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) for moderate to severe cases. Quick-relief medications like short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) are used for acute symptom relief. Over-the-counter options include leukotriene receptor antagonists and antihistamines, while alternative therapies such as breathing exercises and herbal remedies are sometimes utilized but lack robust scientific validation (Sharma et al., 2022). Lifespan considerations encompass pediatric dosing adjustments, cautious use of systemic corticosteroids in pregnant women, and management of comorbidities in older adults (Murphy et al., 2023). A visual chart comparing medication classes, their indications, and age-specific considerations can aid in understanding treatment protocols.

Case Presentation

A 10-year-old boy presents to the clinic with a 3-week history of intermittent wheezing, coughing, especially at night, and episodes of shortness of breath after physical activity. The child's past medical history reveals recurrent respiratory infections and allergic rhinitis. No significant family history of asthma or atopy. On examination, bilateral expiratory wheezes are noted. Spirometry confirms obstructive airway disease with reversible airflow limitation after bronchodilator administration, establishing the diagnosis of asthma. The patient is started on inhaled corticosteroids and a short-acting beta-agonist inhaler for rescue. Education on inhaler technique is provided, and an action plan is discussed. The child's symptoms improve, but he experiences an initial mild episode of wheezing after a playground fall, managed effectively at home with rescue inhaler. Follow-up is scheduled to assess adherence and control. Potential complications include exacerbations leading to emergency visits, steroid side effects, and growth suppression if medication is overused.

Implications for the Registered Nurse

Registered nurses play a vital role in the holistic management of asthma by advocating for patient education, medication adherence, and environmental control measures. Incorporating asthma education into routine care enables patients and families to recognize early signs of exacerbation, properly use inhalers, and eliminate triggers such as tobacco smoke and allergens. Nurses can initiate health promotion initiatives by organizing community awareness programs, promoting vaccination (e.g., influenza and pneumococcal vaccines), and advocating for policies to reduce air pollution, which exacerbates respiratory conditions (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [NHLBI], 2022). Additionally, nurses should collaborate with multidisciplinary teams to tailor interventions, improve self-management, and reduce hospitalization rates. Emphasizing lifestyle modifications, such as weight management and allergy control, further contributes to long-term disease control and enhances patients' quality of life.

References

  • Barnes, P. J. (2022). The physiology of asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 192, 106731.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Asthma prevalence statistics. https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/most_recent_data.htm
  • Global Initiative for Asthma. (2023). GINA factors and management strategies. https://ginasthma.org/
  • Moorman, J. E., et al. (2020). National surveillance of asthma — United States, 2001–2016. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(SS-1), 1–25.
  • Murphy, A., et al. (2023). Pediatric asthma management considerations. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 68, 101043.
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2022). Asthma management guidelines. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/asthma
  • Partnerships for Clean Air. (2021). Global asthma statistics. https://www.cleanairpartnership.org/pollution-asthma
  • Sharma, S., et al. (2022). Complementary therapies in asthma management. Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine, 28(3), 12–18.

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