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Compare the two star lists. Name any stars that happen to appear on both lists. What does your answer to Question 1 indicate about the nearest stars? Are the nearest stars also the brightest stars as seen from the Earth?

A star located in the lower right portion of the diagram is cool and dim. What are the characteristics of a star in the upper left of the diagram? What are the characteristics of a star in the upper right of the diagram? Refer to the HR Diagram of your textbook or other source. To which group do most of the stars on your diagram belong? According to your diagram, are any of these stars white dwarf stars? What is the evidence for your answer?

Our Sun has a temperature of 6,000K and an absolute magnitude of +4.7. Use an asterisk (*) to show the location of the Sun on your diagram. To which group does the Sun belong? In a paragraph of 2-3 sentences, compare the absolute magnitude and temperature of the Sun with those of other stars in its group.

Betelgeuse is 150 parsecs away and has a surface temperature of only 3,200K yet Betelgeuse is one of the brightest stars as seen from the Earth. What does this indicate about the size of Betelgeuse? Is your answer supported by the location of Betelgeuse on the diagram? On your diagram, there is another star plotted near Betelgeuse. What is the name of this star? What kind of star is it? Compare our Sun with stars that are considered to be Red Giants. Which star is further along in its life cycle? How do you know?

HR Diagram Simulation

Follow this link to the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Explorer simulation. Use the provided options to visualize the “nearest stars" and “brightest stars" around the Sun’s position on the diagram. Describe their relationships concerning temperature, luminosity, and radius, and identify the luminosity groups they belong to.

Move the red crosshair into the Sun's approximate position and observe changes as the Sun ages. Describe the changes in color, temperature, luminosity, and radius as the Sun moves into the “instability strip." Explain why the Sun moves off the main sequence into the instability strip and identify the types of stars currently found there, with references to external sources.

Move the crosshair to the “Red Giant" luminosity class and describe the Sun’s predicted characteristics during this phase. Then, move to the “White Dwarf” class and describe the star’s attributes at this stage. Explain what causes the size reduction from Red Giant to White Dwarf, referencing external sources.

Return the crosshair to a position on the main sequence with a radius of about 10 solar radii and describe how this star differs from our Sun in terms of color, temperature, luminosity, and radius. Move the crosshair into the “Super Giant” zone and describe the differences. Summarize, in a paragraph of at least 50 words, what you have learned about stellar evolution from both parts of this activity and discuss the implications for Earth as the Sun changes over time.