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Both the Wajcman and Jenkins articles were written before the advent of social media and smartphones (in the case of the former, in the 1980s, and the latter, in 1997). Find one thing from either article they got wrong about the "future" of internet/communications/other technology, and select one issue or topic from either article you think would be helpful in addressing an issue with social media/smartphone technology today. Be sure to state what the "issue" with social media is, and how the idea from the article might help. (Note: Wajcman offers several solutions to technology problems from a feminist perspective that are meant to be more broadly construed; Jenkins offers several predictions about how the future might turn out - especially for black and other minorities - if some inequalities in tech are addressed. Perhaps take these perspectives into consideration).

Paper For Above Instructions

The works of Judy Wajcman and Henry Jenkins provide compelling insights into the evolution of technology and its societal implications, particularly in the context of communication. While written before the rise of social media and smartphones, their analyses still offer valuable perspectives. This paper examines a prediction from Jenkins that did not materialize as expected and explores Wajcman's feminist solutions to issues in technology, which remain pertinent in the digital landscape of today.

Misconceptions About the Future of Communication Technology

One of the notable misjudgments in Jenkins' work is his optimistic forecast regarding the democratizing potential of technology in mitigating inequalities faced by underrepresented groups. In "Convergence Culture," published in 2006, Jenkins suggests that new media technologies would provide marginalized communities with the tools necessary to challenge dominant narratives and gain a voice in public discourse. While the internet initially appeared to provide a platform for diverse voices, the reality has often been starkly different. Issues such as online harassment, the spread of misinformation, and echo chambers have created daunting barriers for minority voices, hindering the very progress Jenkins anticipated (Jenkins, 2006).

Social media platforms, which were expected to empower users, have often perpetuated existing inequalities. For instance, marginalized groups frequently face targeted harassment, making it harder for them to participate in discussions (Ging, 2017). Furthermore, algorithms on platforms like Facebook and Twitter can obscure minority voices by prioritizing engagement metrics, often favoring sensationalized content over nuanced discussions. This highlights the need to reassess Jenkins' expectation of universal accessibility and empowerment through technology.

Addressing Social Media Issues with Feminist Perspectives

Judy Wajcman's work offers a distinctly different approach, emphasizing the need for a critical view of technology from a feminist standpoint. In her article "Techno-Feminism" (2004), Wajcman argues that the prevailing technological discourse often overlooks the ways in which technology can reinforce gender inequalities. She advocates for a more nuanced understanding of how technologies are designed, developed, and deployed, pushing for reforms that consider the implications of these technologies on women's lives and broader societal norms.

The principal issue with social media technology today is its role in perpetuating gender-based violence and discrimination. Online harassment disproportionately affects women, particularly women of color, LGBTQ+ individuals, and those who advocate for social justice (Binns, 2020). Wajcman's insights could inform strategies to redesign social media platforms to be more inclusive and supportive. By incorporating feminist principles into technological design, companies could create safer online environments that empower users rather than marginalize them.

Implementation of Wajcman's Solutions

One of Wajcman's proposed solutions includes an emphasis on user-centric design principles that prioritize safety and inclusivity. This involves understanding user experiences and the diverse ways in which different demographic groups interact with technology (Wajcman, 2010). Social media companies could engage with users from various backgrounds to gather insights into their needs and experiences, leading to the development of features that mitigate harassment and promote positive interaction.

Furthermore, implementing stricter policies against online harassment, along with more robust reporting mechanisms, is crucial. Social media platforms should take proactive measures to protect vulnerable users and hold perpetrators accountable. These steps align with Wajcman’s call for a feminist approach to technology that considers the social impacts of digital spaces.

Jenkins' Predictions and Current Realities

While Jenkins foresaw a future where technology could level the playing field, the potential of social media to spread misinformation and foster division stands in stark contrast to that vision. As we witness the emergence of deepfakes and the manipulation of public opinion through targeted advertisements, Jenkins' premise appears overly optimistic. The understanding that technology could bridge gaps has not borne the intended fruits; instead, it has often widened them (Holt, 2020).

Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach involving policy reforms, educational initiatives, and the promotion of digital literacy. Jenkins' emphasis on collective engagement can strengthen advocacy for equitable technology, encouraging users to become active participants in shaping the digital ecosystem based on shared values. Understanding that technology is not neutral, but rather a reflection of human ideologies and social dynamics, can guide more equitable practices (Zittrain, 2008).

Conclusion

In summary, both Wajcman and Jenkins offer essential frameworks for understanding and addressing the complexities of technology in society. Jenkins’ early optimism regarding technology's potential to amplify marginalized voices did not fully account for the challenges that have emerged with the rise of social media. In parallel, Wajcman’s feminist perspective sheds light on critical issues that continue to affect individuals today, particularly regarding gender and inequality in digital spaces. Addressing these issues through inclusive design and policy reforms could foster a healthier digital landscape that aligns more closely with the ideals Jenkins initially envisioned.

References

• Binns, A. (2020). "Equity in the Digital Age: Addressing Online Harassment." Journal of Digital Culture, 12(2), 45-67.
• Ging, D. (2017). "Alphas, Gamers, and the New Misogyny: How Digital Communication Platforms Foster Gender-Based Violence." Media and Communication, 5(1), 115-124.
• Holt, K. (2020). "The Misinformation Dilemma in Social Media." The Communication Review, 26(3), 180-200.
• Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press.
• Wajcman, J. (2004). "Techno-Feminism." Polity Press.
• Wajcman, J. (2010). "Feminism Confronts Technology." University of Pennsylvania Press.
• Zittrain, J. (2008). The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It. New Haven: Yale University Press.