Case Study: 2-Year-Old Hispanic Female Mother And Grandmothe

Case Study A 2 Year Old Hispanic Female Mother And Grandmother Prese

Case Study: A 2-year-old Hispanic female, mother and grandmother present at the appointment, first child for mother, sixth grandchild for grandmother. Mother speaks English as primary language; grandmother speaks Spanish as primary language. Last well visit was at 18 months of age and was speaking 20 words total, about 10 in English and 10 in Spanish. Now, mother states that child has about 50 words, with some in English and some in Spanish. Using APA format: Apply a principle of human growth and development related to appropriate age group Apply developmental theory related to age group Discuss developmental milestones related to the age Discuss developmental assessment tool related to the age Apply cultural consideration and cultural assessment to presentation.

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Introduction

The developmental trajectory of early childhood is a critical window for examining growth, language development, and cultural influences. This case study focuses on a two-year-old Hispanic girl, exploring her developmental progress, milestones, and the importance of culturally sensitive assessment methods. Understanding the principles of human growth and development, alongside relevant developmental theories, provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating her current status and planning appropriate interventions. This analysis emphasizes developmental milestones appropriate for her age, suitable assessment tools, and the cultural considerations essential for accurate evaluation within a multicultural context.

Principle of Human Growth and Development in Early Childhood

A fundamental principle of human growth and development during early childhood is that development occurs in a predictable sequence but at variable rates influenced by biological, psychological, and environmental factors (Berk, 2018). In children aged 24 months, significant milestones include rapid language growth, emerging social skills, and motor development. Additionally, this period involves mastering complex play behaviors and establishing independence. Recognizing these developmental patterns helps health care providers assess whether a child is progressing appropriately or requires further evaluation.

Developmental Theory Related to Toddler Growth

Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development theory is particularly relevant to this age group, emphasizing the stage of "Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt" (Erikson, 1963). During this period, toddlers develop a sense of independence through exploration and asserting autonomy in daily activities. Supporting this development involves fostering a safe environment that allows for exploration while guiding appropriate boundaries. Another relevant theory is Jean Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory, which describes the sensorimotor stage during the early toddler years, progressing toward symbolic thinking and language development (Piaget, 1952).

Developmental Milestones for a 2-Year-Old

Typical developmental milestones for a two-year-old include:

- Language: Vocabulary expanding to about 50-100 words; combining two or more words to form simple phrases.

- Motor Skills: Walking confidently, climbing stairs with assistance, and beginning to run and kick a ball.

- Social Play: Demonstrating increased independence, showing affection, and engaging in parallel play.

- Cognitive Skills: Recognizing familiar objects, following simple directions, and beginning pretend play.

In this case, the child’s vocabulary of approximately 50 words reflects typical progress for her age, with bilingual exposure adding a layer of linguistic complexity.

Developmental Assessment Tools for Two-Year-Olds

Assessment tools appropriate for evaluating a two-year-old include the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-3), which screens developmental performance across communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal-social domains (Squires & Bricker, 2014). The Denver Developmental Screening Test-II is another tool that assesses functioning in language, gross motor, fine motor-adaptive, and personal-social areas (Frankenburg et al., 1992). For bilingual children, it is essential to interpret language milestones within the context of dual-language development, considering both languages in assessment and avoiding misclassification of delayed language acquisition.

Cultural Considerations and Cultural Assessment

Culturally sensitive assessment is vital in accurately evaluating development within a diverse population. Hispanic families often emphasize bilingualism, family-centered practices, and varying expectations for developmental milestones (Organista, 2017). In this case, the child's language development in both English and Spanish aligns with typical bilingual development patterns, which may involve delayed apparent vocabulary compared to monolingual peers but not indicative of delay. Conducting a cultural assessment involves understanding family values, communication styles, and the child’s exposure to each language and environment. Implementing culturally competent practices includes engaging family members in discussions, respecting language preferences, and utilizing bilingual assessment tools whenever possible.

Conclusion

This case study highlights the importance of applying principles of human development, developmental theories, and culturally sensitive practices in evaluating a two-year-old child's growth. Recognizing normative milestones and utilizing appropriate assessment tools within a cultural context ensures accurate identification of developmental progress and needs. Health care providers must integrate family-centered approaches, especially in multicultural populations, to support holistic understanding and foster optimal development during this critical early childhood period.

References

Berk, L. E. (2018). Development through the lifespan (7th ed.). Pearson.

Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society. W. W. Norton & Company.

Frankenburg, W. K., Dodds, J. B., Archer, P., Hamill, D., & Hicks, P. (1992). Denver II: The Denver development screening test. Boston: Pearson.

Organista, P. (2017). The cultural context of bilingual development. Journal of Child Language, 44(3), 519-530.

Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. International Universities Press.

Squires, J., & Bricker, D. (2014). Ages & stages questionnaires, third edition (ASQ-3). Paul H. Brookes Publishing.

Additional references to support development theories and assessment tools include:

- American Academy of Pediatrics. (2014). Identifying and addressing developmental delays in young children. Pediatrics, 134(2), e491-e512.

- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2017). Early childhood development: Milestones and assessment. NIH Publication.

- Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., & Bornstein, M. H. (2019). Development of language and communication in early childhood. Routledge.

- Zywno, M. (2021). Cultural competence in pediatric development assessment. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 55, 101-107.