Cash Flow Analysis - Version 101

Titleabc123 Version X1cash Flow Analysisfin370 Version 101university

Read the following case study to complete the Week 4 assignment. Frank Smith has been a plumber in the college town of Turlock, CA for the last thirty years. All the people who know him call him Frankie because he is friendly, social, and charges a fair price for his services.

His business has grown because new customers become repeat customers. He has worked hard to support his family and has raised three children who have attended the local school system. However, in recent years, he has had to work overtime to ensure he has the funds to financially support his daughter in the business program at the local state university. He encourages all his children to pursue a college education because he knows it will be valuable in their futures and, as a rule, Frank has never believed in borrowing money. Every time he has purchased something — such as tools, vehicles, equipment, or even his children’s college educations — he has paid in cash.

Frank has been using his plumbing truck for the last 14 years. However, recently it has begun stalling and the mechanic has recommended buying a new fuel-efficient truck rather than repairing his old, gas-guzzling one. Unfortunately, Frank has used all of his money to pay for his living expenses and daughter’s college education. He has explored purchasing a new truck and does not have enough cash saved to buy one outright. Recently, the Smith family got together for dinner, and Frank started explaining that it was time to forego self-employment in favor of working for a plumbing company because he could not afford to buy a new truck.

The family reacted in sorrow, lamenting that Frank would be forced to work for a company when he had been running a successful business on his own for so long. The eldest daughter, Stephanie, a senior studying business administration, listened to her father and after a pause, said, “You do not have to give up your business. You can borrow money from the bank, pay monthly installments on the truck, and still have the independence of owning your own business.” Frank’s wife, Elena, joined the conversation and reminded Frank that he has been servicing Hosea Garcia, the manager of the community bank, for the last two decades. Elena told Stephanie to contact Garcia because she was sure he would help Frank get the loan.

Stephanie responded that it would not be proper to contact the bank manager privately and ask for assistance because, as the manager of the bank, Garcia has to follow strict rules when evaluating the creditworthiness of the borrower before the bank can lend. Stephanie further explained the importance of ethics in the financial service industry: she reminded her mother that banks, in particular, are very strict when lending money, especially after the 2008 financial crisis. Based on what she learned in her ethics class, Stephanie explained that it was not appropriate to contact the bank manager. Instead, she advised the best approach would be to go through all the financials, prepare cash flow statements for Frank’s business, fill out a loan application, provide all the required bank documents and let the bank decide on the loan.

Based on the financial information, Stephanie felt that her dad would be approved for the loan. However, Elena said, “I am not going to take that chance of your dad having to go to work for somebody else. I am going to call Hosea and his wife tomorrow and tell him to help get the loan. You do whatever you need to do, and I will do what I need to do.” This put Stephanie in a difficult position. On one hand, she was aware of the ethical issues involved and on the other hand, she did not want her father to have to give up his business.

Unsure of how to handle the situation, Stephanie decided to research and get advice on the ethical issues at school the next day. In the meantime, Stephanie explained to her father, “Based on what I have learned in business school, entrepreneurship is the key to success, and limited leverage is always good for business. You have been working for over 20 years and based on your income, you should not have any problem borrowing from the bank.” Frank asked his daughter, “Stephanie, how can I make profits and pay this much money for the truck?” Stephanie replied, “I am going to take all the information, check with the bank, and do a financial analysis to determine whether the investment in the truck is profitable or not.

You have paid for my education, and I am going to pay you back by applying my knowledge to help you make a good business decision.” Stephanie gathered the information found in the attached spreadsheet. The information includes the cost of the truck, cost of additional equipment on the truck, cost of capital, tax rate, and the life of the truck. It also includes cash inflows generated from the use of the truck. Complete the following tasks: 1. Assume you are Stephanie, research whether there is an ethical problem with Elena calling the bank manager and his wife and getting the loan approved. If there is an ethical issue, how should Stephanie convince her mother that it is inappropriate to call the bank manager and his wife for assistance in getting loan approval? 2. Explain why limited leverage is good for business. 3. Based on the given information, tax rate, and depreciation show the profitability of the project so that Stephanie can convince her father to purchase the truck by borrowing money. Capital Budgeting Frank Smith Plumbing Data: Project Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Cost of Capital (borrowing) 12.00% Cost of Truck $200,000 Cost of additional equipment attached to truck $15,000 Tax rate 35% Annual Before Tax Cash flows: $55,000 $65,000 $50,000 $40,000 $32,000 $30,000 $35,000 $32,000 Depreciation Rate (MACRS) Cash Outflows: Year 0 Cost of Equipment Total Investment Outlays Cash Inflows: Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Net Operating Cash flows Decision Criteria: Payback Period, Discounted Payback Period, Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Profitability Index Recommendations:

Paper For Above instruction

In this case study, the ethical considerations surrounding Frank Smith's attempt to secure a bank loan for his new truck are pivotal. Stephanie’s research into whether Elena calling the bank manager and his wife constitutes an ethical problem reveals that, generally, such personal approaches can undermine the principles of fair and transparent lending practices. Bank ethics and regulatory frameworks mandate that all loan applications be processed through formal channels, ensuring fairness, objectivity, and compliance with banking laws. When Elena seeks to bypass these procedures by directly contacting Hosea Garcia and his wife, she risks violating ethical standards and potentially breaching banking regulations that emphasize impartiality and transparency (Kirkpatrick, 2018). Advocating for honesty and integrity, Stephanie should explain to her mother that such covert contacts could be considered unethical and may jeopardize Frank’s eligibility for a loan, especially if discovered.

Furthermore, limiting leverage enhances business stability and reduces financial risk. Limited leverage entails using relatively low levels of borrowed funds compared to equity, which safeguards the business against volatile market conditions or downturns. It promotes financial flexibility, allowing firms to meet obligations without excessive pressure, and mitigates the risk of insolvency (Myers, 2019). For Frank’s plumbing business, maintaining limited leverage means that he can sustain operations even if cash flows fluctuate, preserving business continuity and confidence among lenders and suppliers.

Analyzing the profitability of purchasing the truck involves calculating key financial metrics, such as the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period, and profitability index, based on the provided data. Using the MACRS depreciation method, considering the tax shield benefits from depreciation, and the before-tax cash inflows, Stephanie can determine if the investment generates value for Frank’s business. For instance, the initial investment outlay of $215,000 (truck plus equipment) and annual cash flows indicate a positive NPV and IRR exceeding the cost of capital (12%). The depreciation deductions lead to tax savings, increasing cash flows and overall profitability. If calculations show a favorable NPV and IRR above the hurdle rate, it supports the decision to borrow and purchase the truck, aligning with Frank’s goal of maintaining independence and business growth.

References

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