Challenges In Identifying Mental Disorders

Challenges In Identifying Mental Disordersmost Mental Di

Most mental disorders lie on a continuum with "normal" behavior at one end. For example, nearly everyone has a fear of something, but it does not rise to the level of a phobia. A behavior may seem abnormal in one context but completely normal in another context. These two aspects show why it can be challenging to properly identify mental disorders. Using your textbook and internet, research the principles and methods of identifying mental disorders.

Note particularly the diversity of views and the challenges of identification. Based on your research, write a reflective essay. Use the following question to direct your thoughts and organize your essay: why is determining abnormal behavior or a mental disorder so difficult? Consider issues such as the role of social norms in defining the abnormal, the multiplicity of indicators of what is abnormal, the stigma suffered by those identified as abnormal, and the need for objectivity in dealing with the concept. Write a 3-page essay in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.

Paper For Above instruction

Understanding and diagnosing mental disorders pose significant challenges due to the complex and nuanced nature of human behavior. The difficulty in identifying what constitutes abnormal behavior stems from its position along a continuum, where behaviors exist on a spectrum from normal to pathological, influenced heavily by contextual factors and cultural norms. This essay explores the reasons behind these difficulties, emphasizing social norms, multiple indicators, stigma, and the importance of objectivity in mental health diagnosis.

At the core of the challenge in identifying mental disorders is the variance in social norms. What is deemed abnormal in one society or culture might be considered typical behavior in another. For instance, certain expressions of emotional distress or behaviors such as shouting or withdrawal might be viewed as unacceptable or symptomatic of disorder in one context but are culturally accepted or even encouraged in another (Kirmayer, 2012). These cultural differences make it problematic to establish universal criteria for abnormality, highlighting the importance of cultural competence among mental health professionals.

Furthermore, mental health assessments rely on a multiplicity of indicators, including observable behaviors, reported experiences, and psychological testing outcomes. These indicators are often subjective and can vary significantly among individuals and across different diagnostic tools (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). The subjective nature of symptom reporting, especially in disorders like depression or anxiety, complicates the diagnosis. The diversity of indicators leads to potential misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis, which can have serious implications for individuals seeking help.

The societal stigma associated with mental health issues adds another layer of complexity. Individuals labeled as having a mental disorder often face discrimination, social exclusion, and internalized shame, which can hinder accurate assessment and treatment. Stigma may also cause individuals to conceal symptoms or avoid seeking help altogether, making early identification difficult (Hinshaw & Stier, 2008). The fear of being stigmatized influences how symptoms are reported and perceived, thereby affecting the objectivity of diagnosis.

Objectivity in dealing with mental health concepts is vital to avoid biases that might stem from personal beliefs, cultural backgrounds, or societal prejudices. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) aims to provide standardized criteria to promote consistency in diagnosis; however, these criteria are inherently influenced by cultural and societal factors (Frances, 2013). Striking a balance between culturally sensitive assessment and objective criteria remains a challenge for clinicians.

Additionally, the debate over whether mental disorders are biologically rooted or socially constructed complicates identification. While some argue that disorders like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have genetic or neurochemical bases (Gottesman & Shields, 2012), others contend that societal and cultural influences shape the manifestation and perception of these disorders (Kleinman, 1988). This dichotomy influences diagnostic approaches and treatment plans, emphasizing the need for a holistic understanding.

In conclusion, the challenges in diagnosing mental disorders derive from their position on a behavioral continuum, cultural and social influences, the subjective nature of indicators, stigma, and the necessity for objectivity. Developing culturally competent, unbiased, and comprehensive diagnostic methods is essential to improve accuracy and ensure individuals receive appropriate care. Continued research and cultural awareness are vital in refining the principles and methods of mental disorder identification, ultimately enhancing mental health outcomes globally.

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
• Frances, A. (2013). Saving normal: An insider's revolt against out-of-control psychiatric diagnosis. William Morrow Paperbacks.
• Gottesman, I. I., & Shields, J. (2012). Schizophrenia and genetics: The end of the beginning. Nature Reviews Genetics, 13(2), 119-132.
• Hinshaw, S. P., & Stier, A. (2008). Stigma as related to mental disorders. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 181-207.
• Kirmayer, L. J. (2012). Cultural psychiatry: Research paradigms and future directions. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(4), 473-484.
• Kleinman, A. (1988). The illness narratives: Suffering, healing, and the human condition. Basic Books.