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Write four essays based on the following prompts, each consisting of at least two paragraphs. If necessary, provide the textbook for reference.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

Essay 1: Perspectives on the Rights of Conquest and Colonization

In the aftermath of Columbus's 1492 landing, the debate over the rights of European explorers versus indigenous peoples gained prominence. Primary sources from Voices of Freedom, Chapter 1, reveal contrasting views. For instance, Columbus’s own writings often justified European conquest as a divine mandate, emphasizing the right of Europeans to claim new lands. His perspective reflects an audience of European policymakers and merchants, with a purpose to legitimize expansion and colonization efforts.

Conversely, indigenous accounts or later European critics highlight the injustices and violence inflicted upon native populations. These sources often focus on the disruption of native societies and the moral opposition to colonization. Comparing these documents shows that Columbus’s writings aimed to validate exploration for economic and religious reasons, while indigenous or dissenting European voices aimed to oppose the moral implications of conquest. The contrasting audiences—European authorities versus native communities and critics—shape the purpose and tone of each source, illustrating the fundamental disagreements about colonization’s ethics and rights.

Essay 2: Motivations for Emigration to English America

Seventeenth-century North America was fraught with peril, yet many emigrants willingly risked their lives to seek new opportunities. Primary sources from Voices of Freedom, Chapter 2, reveal several reasons for this daring move. Some emigrants sought religious freedom, escaping persecution in Europe, as evidenced by documents from Puritans aiming to establish a pious community. Other sources depict economic motives, with colonists eager to acquire land and wealth, often driven by reports of prosperous colonies.

Comparing these sources, it is evident that religious motivations often carried a moral and spiritual dimension, appealing to audiences seeking salvation or religious liberty. Economic reasons, by contrast, reflected aspirations for prosperity and independence. The authors’ purposes—whether to justify emigration or to attract settlers—are shaped by their intended audiences, such as potential colonists or European benefactors. Together, these documents demonstrate that a variety of intertwined motivations fueled emigration despite the significant risks involved.

Essay 3: Causes of Tensions in Seventeenth-Century North America

The late seventeenth century in North America was characterized by intense social and political conflicts. In Voices of Freedom, Chapter 3, two primary sources illustrate different grievances leading to unrest. One author may criticize economic inequalities, condemning the usurpation of land or resources by affluent settlers. Another perspective might focus on religious tensions, highlighting persecutions or religious intolerance that exacerbated divisions.

These contrasting grievances reveal that tensions stemmed from multiple sources—economic disparity and religious oppression—each appealing to different audiences. The purposes of these documents also differ; some aim to rally support against injustices, while others serve to justify particular policies or actions. Understanding these perspectives helps clarify why conflicts erupted and persisted, driven by the deep-seated frustrations and fears of various groups.

Essay 4: Denial of Natural Rights during the 1700s

The eighteenth century marked a period of intense debate over human rights, especially in the context of slavery and Enlightenment ideas. Voices from Voices of Freedom, Chapter 4, reveal specific examples of natural rights being denied. For example, enslaved Africans were deprived of their rights to life, liberty, and property—rights discussed by Locke and others as inherent to all humans. Documented instances depict the stripping away of these rights through legal and social mechanisms that maintained human bondage.

The authors of these sources often aim to highlight the moral failings of slavery and other injustices, with audiences ranging from abolitionists to policymakers. Comparing these documents, one can see that the denial of natural rights was justified by economic and social interests, while reformers challenged these narratives, advocating for inherent human dignity. The contrasting purposes—exposing injustice versus defending systemic interests—illustrate the profound moral and political debates of the era.

References

• Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty! An American History. W. W. Norton & Company, 2020.
• Foner, Eric. Voices of Freedom: A Documentary History from the American Revolution to the Civil War. W. W. Norton & Company, 2014.
• Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States. HarperOne, 2015.
• McDougall, Walter A. Promised Land, Crusader State: The American Encounter with the World. Houghton Mifflin, 1998.
• Northrup, David. Indentured Servitude in Colonial America. Journal of Early American Studies, 2016.
• Bailyn, Bernard. The Barbarous Years: The Peopling of British North America. Knopf, 2012.
• Wood, Gordon S. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. Vintage Books, 1993.
• Greene, Jack P. Peripheries and Center: Federal Relations in America, 1774-1829. University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
• McLoughlin, William G. The Decline of North American Indian Nations, 1763–1840. University of California Press, 1970.
• Kramer, Carl. The West and the Civil War. University of Nebraska Press, 2008.