Chemistry Final Exam Names Student Number

Chemistry Final Examversion4715namestudent Number

It is important that you provide answers in your own words. Please focus only on information from the text/eBook to create your own solutions. Please do not use direct information from an outside source (especially copying and pasting from an “answer” website). Use of direct information from an outside source is against school policy. All answers will be checked for plagiarism. Instances of plagiarism can result in probation or possible dismissal from the school. Please be sure to follow all guidelines (number of sentences/showing all calculations) and to provide the correct metric units of measure. All questions are 5 points (1 point for sentence number /units).

Paper For Above instruction

This examination covers key concepts in chemistry including gas laws, solutions, solubility, colligative properties, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, and redox reactions. Address each question thoroughly, showing all calculations where necessary, and ensure answers are expressed in your own words. Adherence to proper units and clarity in explanation are crucial for demonstrating your understanding of the subject matter.

Question 1: A student collected data for a fixed volume of gas: Temperature (°C) and Pressure (mm Hg). Fill in the missing data point, showing all calculations. (Assuming data provided: e.g., initial T and P are known, and the missing point relates to a change in conditions.)

Question 2: Using 3–4 sentences, explain how to determine if a KNO₃ solution is unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated in your own words.

Question 3: Explain why gasoline does not dissolve in water in 3–4 sentences, providing the underlying chemical reasoning.

Question 4: Describe in 3–4 sentences how sweating helps cool the body on a hot day, using your own words.

Question 5: Two sealed jars of water at the same temperature contain different amounts of water. Explain how the vapor pressure of water in the larger amount compares to that in the smaller amount in 3–4 sentences.

Question 6: Explain why water expands when it freezes in 3–4 sentences, based on its molecular structure and behavior.

Question 7: Using knowledge of colligative properties, compare sodium chloride and calcium chloride in terms of their effectiveness in melting ice, providing a 3–4 sentence explanation.

Question 8: When 2.5 mol of sugar raises the boiling point by 1°C, how much will 2.5 mol of aluminum nitrate change the boiling point? Show calculations or explain in 3–4 sentences.

Question 9: Calculate the amount of steam produced when 5.40 kcal of heat is added to 1.00 kg of water at 100°C. Show all calculations in 3–4 sentences.

Question 10: Explain why applying pressure causes ice to melt, considering the densities of ice and water, in 3–4 sentences.

Question 11: Calculate the pH of water at 46°C, given K_w = 1.219 x 10^-14, performing all necessary calculations.

Question 12: Find the hydroxide ion concentration for a solution with pH = 3.25, showing your work in 3–4 sentences.

Question 13: Identify the salt formed from the neutralization of phosphoric acid with potassium hydroxide.

Question 14: Determine the oxidation number of chlorine in Al(ClO₄)₃.

Question 15: Identify which element is oxidized in the reaction: CuO (s) + H₂ (g) → Cu (s) + H₂O (l).

Question 16: Explain, in 3–4 sentences, why the number of electrons lost must equal the number gained in every redox reaction.

Question 17: Balance the equation: PbS + O₂ → PbO + SO₂. Describe the electron transfers involved in the reaction in words.

Question 18: What type of radiation is emitted during the decay of chromium-51 into manganese-51? Show the nuclear equation involved in this decay.

Question 19: A nucleus decays to produce sodium-24 in 14.8 hours. Identify the original nucleus, providing the nuclear equation.

Question 20: An iron-59 sample has 25% of its initial Fe-59 after a period. With a half-life of 45.1 days, calculate the age of a nail with this residual Fe-59, showing all work.