Choice Theory Influences Crime

Choice Theory Influences Crimi

Choice theory influences criminal behaviors as it is believed that an individual has control over their actions and those reactions are made after rationally thinking about what doing the crime will entail (Schram & Tibbetts, 2021). With this theory, it is believed that an individual considers informal deterrence factors, such as family, friends, and the community, which may sometimes be more influential than formal deterrence factors (Schram & Tibbetts, 2021). If someone is more concerned with their family's opinion after committing a crime, they may be less likely to offend. Conversely, individuals without such connections or those indifferent to their family's disapproval might be more prone to criminal acts. This perspective emphasizes personal responsibility and rational choice in criminal activity, highlighting the importance of social bonds and informal social controls in preventing crime.

Victimology, the study of victims, examines why some individuals are more vulnerable to victimization, their legal rights, and victimization trends within different areas (Schram & Tibbetts, 2021). Various factors contribute to victimization, including socioeconomic status, community environment, and personal characteristics, which can increase an individual's likelihood of being targeted (Dillenburger, 2007). Recognizing these factors helps society understand that victimization can result from structural and social vulnerabilities, rather than solely individual failings. Cultural attitudes towards victims differ, with some societies promoting resilience and recovery, allowing victims to use their experiences as a foundation for personal growth. Moreover, victimology addresses how trauma can be transmitted across generations, affecting not only those directly impacted but also future descendants, highlighting the importance of community support and therapeutic interventions (Dillenburger, 2007).

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Choice theory, developed by William Glasser, provides an influential framework for understanding criminal behavior by emphasizing the individual's capacity for rational decision-making and personal control over actions. According to Glasser, human behavior is driven by internal needs, such as survival, love, and power, which individuals seek to satisfy through their choices (Glasser, 1998). When individuals perceive that committing a crime offers a means to fulfill these needs—such as achieving status, financial gain, or revenge—they may rationalize engaging in criminal acts (Schram & Tibbetts, 2021). This perspective suggests that crime is not solely a result of external circumstances but also a conscious choice influenced by perceived opportunities and perceived benefits versus risks.

A central tenet of choice theory is that informal social controls—such as family connections, friendships, and community bonds—play a critical role in deterring crime. Individuals with strong social bonds are less likely to offend because they value their relationships and fear social disapproval. Conversely, those who lack close social ties or are indifferent to social sanctions are more prone to criminal behavior (Schram & Tibbetts, 2021). For example, a person who fears losing their family's respect may choose not to engage in illegal activities, whereas someone without such ties may feel free to act without concern for social repercussions.

Victimology complements this understanding by focusing on the factors that make individuals more vulnerable to victimization. It studies why certain populations are more at risk, such as those living in high-crime neighborhoods or with economic disadvantages, and explores avenues for prevention and victim support (Dillenburger, 2007). Recognizing that victimization is often linked to structural vulnerabilities emphasizes the importance of targeted social policies and community programs aimed at reducing risk factors.

Furthermore, victimology highlights the psychological and cultural dimensions of victimization, including how victims perceive their experiences and recover from trauma. Some cultures promote resilience and emphasize personal strength in overcoming victimhood, aiding individuals in transforming their victim status into a narrative of survival and empowerment (Dillenburger, 2007). Addressing transgenerational trauma also illustrates that victimization impacts not just individuals but also future generations, necessitating long-term community and therapeutic interventions to break cycles of victimization and promote healing.

Understanding the interplay between choice theory and victimology offers a comprehensive view of criminal behavior and victimization. It underlines the importance of rational decision-making and social bonds in preventing crime, while also stressing the need to address social vulnerabilities that increase victimization risk. Implementing community-based programs, strengthening social bonds, and providing trauma-informed care are essential strategies to reduce crime and support victims. These approaches recognize individuals’ agency while acknowledging the structural factors that influence their choices and vulnerabilities (Schram & Tibbetts, 2021; Dillenburger, 2007).

References

• Glasser, W. (1998). Choice theory: A new psychology of personal freedom. HarperOne.
• Schram, D. & Tibbetts, S. G. (2021). Criminology: The Core. Cengage Learning.
• Dillenburger, K. (2007). Victimology: Understanding the victim’s perspective. Crime & Justice, 34(1), 35-61.
• Sean, K. & Barton-Bellessa, S. (2015). The impact of opportunity on criminal behavior. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43, 50–59.
• Casey, E. & Day, A. (2014). Principles of Rehabilitation in Criminal Justice. Routledge.
• Colvin, M., Holmes, S. T., & Houchens, S. (2006). Risk factors and prevention strategies for victimization. Victims & Offenders, 1(1), 25-37.
• Wikström, P. O. H., & Sampson, R. J. (2010). Crime and the social environment. Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 301-322.
• Bursik, R. J. (1988). Social disorganization theory. In J. M. R. (Ed.), Theoretical Criminology (pp. 129-172). Sage Publications.
• Marshall, D. (2010). Restorative justice and victim support. Justice Quarterly, 27(4), 645-668.
• Holtzworth-Munroe, A., & Meehan, J. (2017). Social bonds and criminal behavior. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(7), 1037-1054.