Circulation Review Anatomy II1 Which Artery Is Associated Wi

Circulation Reviewanatomy Ii1 Which Artery Is Associated With The

Circulation review involving anatomy questions related to arteries, veins, cavities, and specific structures in the human body.

Paper For Above instruction

Understanding the circulatory system requires an in-depth knowledge of the various arteries, veins, and associated anatomical landmarks. This paper synthesizes key aspects of arterial and venous anatomy, focusing on their major pathways, origins, terminations, and relationships with surrounding structures, based on the comprehensive set of questions provided.

The arteries associated with specific muscles and regions are fundamental to understanding vascular supply. For instance, the artery related to the sternocleidomastoid muscle is the external carotid artery, which supplies blood to the face and neck muscles, including the sternocleidomastoid itself (Snell, 2019). The deep venous return in the upper extremity primarily involves the paired brachial veins, which, along with the basilic and cephalic veins, drain blood into the axillary vein (Moore et al., 2020). Key boundaries of the femoral triangle, a notable anatomical region, include the inguinal ligament superiorly, the medial boundary formed by the adductor longus, and laterally by the medial border of the Sartorius muscle (Standring, 2016). The artery passing through the inguinal ligament is the femoral artery, originating from the external iliac artery (Gray, 2018). Its continuation in the lower limb is the popliteal artery, which supplies the knee region and continues as the anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery, supplying the anterior and posterior compartments of the leg, respectively (Ross & Pawlina, 2018).

The hypogastric artery, also known as the internal iliac artery, supplies pelvic organs, gluteal muscles, and medial thigh structures (Moore et al., 2020). The first branch of the arch of the aorta is the brachiocephalic trunk (also called the innominate artery), which gives rise to the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries. The ophthalmic artery, a vital branch of the internal carotid artery, supplies the eyeball and orbit (Snell, 2019). The femoral artery, within the femoral triangle, is bounded laterally by the sartorius muscle and medially by the adductor longus, providing major blood supply to the thigh (Standring, 2016). Vessels that carry blood toward the heart are called veins, categorized as superficial or deep depending on their location. The cystic artery, often branching from the right hepatic artery, supplies blood to the gallbladder (Ross & Pawlina, 2018). Hunter’s canal, another term for the adductor canal, contains the femoral artery, femoral vein, and nerve (Moore et al., 2020).

The brachial artery, a continuation of the axillary artery after passing through the cervico-axillary canal, supplies the arm and bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the level of the neck of the radius (Snell, 2019). The vessel supplying the tongue is the lingual artery, which is a branch of the external carotid artery. The origin of the left common carotid artery is directly from the arch of the aorta, unlike the right, which branches from the brachiocephalic trunk (Gray, 2018). The vein that collects blood from the deep structures of the brain is the internal jugular vein, which joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein, ultimately draining into the superior vena cava.

Pulmonary circulation begins in the right ventricle of the heart, where deoxygenated blood is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation. The artery passing through Hunter’s canal is the femoral artery, responsible for lower limb blood supply (Moore et al., 2020). The artery that begins at the opening of the adductor magnus is the popliteal artery, supplying the knee joint and muscles of the posterior thigh (Ross & Pawlina, 2018). The left bronchial arteries are usually two in number, supplying the lung tissues (Snell, 2019). The vessel supplying the distal half of the large intestines is the inferior mesenteric artery, branching from the abdominal aorta (Standring, 2016). The arteries supplying the superior diaphragm are the pericardiacophrenic arteries, branches of the internal thoracic arteries.

The external iliac vein continues as the femoral vein, receiving blood from the lower limb and passing under the inguinal ligament to become the external iliac vein (Gray, 2018). The maxillary artery is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery, supplying deep facial structures, the muscles of mastication, and parts of the nasal cavity. The arteries supplying the glands situated on top of the kidneys (the adrenal glands) are the superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries (Moore et al., 2020). The second branch of the aortic arch is the left common carotid artery, which arises directly from the arch and supplies the head and neck structures.

The vessel supplying the sacrum and coccyx is the lateral sacral artery, a branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery. The internal jugular vein is lateral and slightly anterior to the common carotid artery in the neck, with the internal carotid artery lying more medially (Snell, 2019). The artery that begins at the inferior border of the teres major muscle is the brachial artery. The posterior facial vein and posterior auricular vein unite to form the external jugular vein, which drains into the subclavian vein. The vessels extending to the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage include the superior laryngeal artery and vein (Standring, 2016).

The external iliac artery continues as the femoral artery after passing under the inguinal ligament. The portal system terminates in the liver, where the hepatic veins drain into the inferior vena cava (Moore et al., 2020). The artery that terminates at the opening of the adductor magnus muscle is the femoral artery. The vessel supplying the liver is the common hepatic artery, which gives branches such as the proper hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery. In superficial venous return of the upper extremity, the basilic vein runs medially and joins with the brachial veins to form the axillary vein. The vertebral arteries originate from the subclavian arteries and pass through foramina in the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to enter the skull through the foramen magnum (Snell, 2019).

The internal carotid artery supplies the brain, eyes, and orbit, passing through the carotid canal after entering the skull via the carotid foramen. The artery supplying the anterior part of the heart is the left anterior descending artery, a branch of the left coronary artery. The artery beginning at a point behind the center of the inguinal ligament is the femoral artery. The right common carotid artery branches from the brachiocephalic trunk, originating from the arch of the aorta. The small saphenous vein is a superficial vein located on the lateral aspect of the leg and drains into the popliteal vein.

The left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein, whereas the right ovarian vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava (Gray, 2018). The superficial vein of the medial side of the lower extremity is the great saphenous vein. The external jugular vein terminates in the subclavian vein. The basilar artery bifurcates into the posterior cerebral arteries, supplying the occipital lobes and parts of the temporal lobes (Snell, 2019). The internal iliac artery supplies pelvic organs, gluteal muscles, and medial thigh structures. The lateral boundary of the anterior cervical region is the sternocleidomastoid muscle, while the medial boundary is the trachea and thyroid gland (Standring, 2016). The hepatic vein drains into the inferior vena cava. Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

The vessel formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins is the brachiocephalic vein. The cephalic vein drains into the axillary vein, and the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta include the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery. The widest vein in the body is the great saphenous vein. The common iliac veins form from the internal and external iliac veins and drain into the inferior vena cava, which is located to the right of the abdominal aorta (Moore et al., 2020). The external iliac artery terminates as the femoral artery after passing under the inguinal ligament.

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called arteries, while those carrying blood toward the heart are veins. The anterior tibial artery continues as the dorsalis pedis artery at the ankle. The third branch of the aortic arch is the left subclavian artery. The anatomical landmark starting at the apex of the femoral triangle runs through the adductor magnus muscle, supplying blood to the thigh (Standring, 2016). The superficial vein on the lateral side of the lower extremity is the small saphenous vein, which drains into the popliteal vein.

Access into the skull for the internal carotid artery occurs via the carotid canal, passing through the carotid foramen. The vertebral arteries pass through foramina in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae, typically from C6 to C1 (Snell, 2019). The descending aorta begins at the aortic arch, runs through the thoracic cavity, passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm, and terminates at the level of the T12 vertebra into the abdominal aorta. The aortic arch begins at the level of the sternal angle (angle of Louis) and extends from the ascending to the descending aorta. The brachiocephalic vein is formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins.

The portal vein is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, draining blood from the gastrointestinal tract into the liver (Ross & Pawlina, 2018). The axillary vein is formed from the brachial and basilic veins. The aorta divides into its three main branches—the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. The great saphenous vein is a tributary to the femoral vein, a major superficial vein of the lower limb.

The flow of blood from the right upper extremity involves the subclavian artery, brachial artery, and continues along the radial or ulnar arteries, depending on the pathway (Moore et al., 2020). The arterial flow to the left side of the head and neck begins with the left common carotid artery from the arch of the aorta, which supplies the superficial and deep structures of the head. Pulmonary circulation begins at the right ventricle, with deoxygenated blood traveling through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs and returning via the pulmonary veins (Snell, 2019). The arterial flow to the lower limb involves the external iliac, femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, and posterior tibial arteries.

Superficial venous return of the upper extremity involves the cephalic and basilic veins, which communicate via the median cubital vein at the elbow. Deep venous return involves the brachial veins, which drain into the axillary vein (Gray, 2018). Deep venous return of the lower extremity involves the anterior and posterior tibial veins, draining into the popliteal and femoral veins and ultimately into the external iliac vein. This intricate system ensures efficient return of deoxygenated blood to the heart, maintaining circulation integrity throughout the body.

References

• Gray, H. (2018). Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. Elsevier.
• Moore, K. L., Dalley, A. F., & Agur, A. M. R. (2020). Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Wolters Kluwer.
• Ross, M. H., & Pawlina, W. (2018). Histology: A Text and Atlas. Wolters Kluwer.
• Snell, R. S. (2019). Clinical Anatomy. Wolters Kluwer.
• Standring, S. (2016). Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. Elsevier.