Classical Era Lecture 3 Chapter 23 Classical Music In The La

Classical Era Lecture 3chap 23 Classical Music In The Late 18th

Classical Era Lecture 3chap 23 Classical Music In The Late 18th

Classical Era - Lecture #3 Chap. 23 – Classical music in the late 18th century Chap. 24 – revolution and change MUSI 1307 – Music Literature In this Lecture, we will cover: Life of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Music of Mozart Life of Ludwig van Beethoven Music of Beethoven 2 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( Salzburg, Austria 4 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart () Born in Salzburg, Austria Celebrated child prodigy Started playing piano at 3 and composing at 5 Father = Leopold Mozart () violinist, composer Wrote book about playing the violin Sister = Maria Anna (“Nannerl”) Mozart’s home in Salzburg 5 Mozart family tours – Mozart family on tour around Europe Played concerts for many royal families and aristocrats 3 years at a time Learned about many styles from these tours In Paris, influenced by Johann Schobert – harpsichord sound like orchestra In London, met JC Bach – melodies sound like Italian opera in instrumental works In Vienna, learned about serenades, string quartets and symphonies 6 Adulthood for Wolfgang Job working for the Archbishop of Salzburg but dissatisfied Freelancer in Vienna Married Constance Weber 6 kids, only 2 survived In Vienna, composing, teaching, performing, organizing concerts & publishing. Had spending problems 1784 – Mozart met Haydn. Dedicated compositions to each other Died at 35. Composed over 600 pieces. For comparison, Haydn lived to 77 & wrote over 750 works In 1862, Cataloguer Ludwig von Köchel (K. number) 7 Mozart’s Piano Works Mozart wrote 19 sonatas, fantasias, variations, rondos and duets Sonata in F Major shows his style in the Vienna period. Written in , published in 1784 LISTENING #1 – Mozart Sonata in F Major, K. Mozart’s Chamber Works Instrument equality in ensembles Violin music – 36 sonatas, 2 variations, String duos and trios, 26 string quartets, string quintets, piano trio Flute quartets, horn quintets, clarinet quintets Serenades, divertimentos = lighthearted music for garden parties, outdoor performances, wedding, parties, background music Mozart made them into bigger more serious pieces Most famous serenade is the “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” (A little Night music) LISTENING #2 – Mozart Serenade No. 13, K. “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” 9 Mozart’s Orchestral Works - Concertos Best known for his 17 piano concertos 1st mvt – elements of ritornello & sonata form 2nd mvt – like lyrical aria Last mvt – usually rondo or sonata rondo form Always a balance between soloist & orchestra Listen : Mozart Piano Concerto No. 21 in C Major, K. 467 Mozart also wrote concertos for: violin, horn, bassoon, oboe, clarinet 10 Mozart’s Orchestral works - Symphonies 41 symphonies Early ones were mostly 3 mvts, intended for open concerts and theatrical events. Later ones were in 4 mvts. LISTENING #3 – Mozart Symphony No. 41 in C Major, K. 551, “Jupiter” Nickname came from someone else for marketing purposes Listen to 1st & 4th mvt (5 voice fugue at end) 11 Mozart’s Vocal works - Opera Mozart’s favorite genre – 22 operas He wrote 3 operas with librettist, Lorenzo Da Ponte Don Giovanni – combines opera seria and comic opera with characters from different classes. Don Giovanni – nobleman, womanizer Leporello – Don Giovanni’s servant (opera buffa) Donna Anna (opera seria) Commendatore – Donna Anna’s father LISTEN to opening scene – youtube LISTEN to another scene when DG seduces Zerlina not to get married “La ci darem la mano” 12 The Magic Flute – Mozart’s last opera Damsel in distress and prince who rescues her Birdcatcher – Papageno - LISTEN : Papageno aria Young lovers – Tamino and Pamina Evil Priest – Sarastro The Queen The Queen of the Night Aria – queen in rage, demanding daughter, Pamina, to assassinate her rival, Sarastro. Written for coloratura soprano (very high range) LISTENING #4 – Mozart: Queen of the Night aria from The Magic Flute, K. Mozart’s Vocal Works - Sacred Masses were written in modern symphonic-operatic styles, alternating between chorus and soloist. Mozart wrote 18 masses and many other sacred pieces Most notable is the Requiem Lacrimosa (means “Weeping”) - LISTEN Dies Irae (means “Day of Wrath” from 1200 Medieval poem) – LISTEN Sanctus – performed at St. Stephen’s Cathedral at 200th anniversary of Mozart’s death (1991) - LISTEN 14 Revolution and Change Late 18th and early 19th century Political and economic revolution Progress in technology, society, arts Similar to Beethoven’s story French Revolution – inspired by Enlightenment Napoleon Bonaparte – leader of Republic French government founded Paris Conservatory Industrial Revolution 15 Ludwig van Beethoven ( Ludwig van Beethoven () Born in Bonn, Germany Learned piano and violin from father Career is divided into 3 periods: First period: – mastery of musical language and genre Second period: – achieved new level of drama & expression Third period: – music becomes introspective and difficult Beethoven’s birthplace home in Bonn. Now it is a museum 17 First period: Piano sonatas – often used contrasts of style for form and expressive range. Use of frequent octaves, thick textures, abrupt changes “Pathétique” Sonata Op. 13 - dramatic, fantasia-like introduction LISTENING #5 – Beethoven Sonata in C Minor, Op. 13, “Pathétique” 1st string quartets (Op. 18) were published in st symphony in CM (1800) use Haydn and Mozart as model Violin Sonatas – 1801, wrote “Spring” Sonata LISTEN – Beethoven Violin Sonata, Op. 24, “Spring” Young Beethoven 18 Second period: - Hearing loss permanent Writes Heiligenstadt Testament New ambitious style Strong reputation Eroica Symphony (1803-4) – heroism LISTENING #6 – Beethoven “Eroica” Symphony No. 3 in E-flat Major, Op. 55 Fidelio (opera) – French Revolution inspiration Chamber music: 5 string quartets, 3 piano trios, 2 violin sonatas and a cello sonata Beethoven’s house in Heiligenstadt Piano Concertos – early ones similar to Mozart’s style No. 5 – expands range and dimensions. Starts with cadenza – LISTEN Symphony No. ) – struggle between CM and cm - LISTEN Symphony No. 6, “Pastorale” 20 Third period: Works becoming more introspective and concentrated with extremes Contrasts of style, figuration, character, meter, tempo Blurred division between phrases and mvts Song cycle Beethoven Piano Sonata No. 31 in A-flat Major, Op. 110 LISTEN – to first mvt and last mvt Symphony No. 9 – combined tradition and innovation LISTENING #7 – Beethoven Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125 Portrait of Beethoven in Beethoven’s death Beethoven was sick many times Mar. 26, 1827, Beethoven dies. 20,000 people attend his funeral Beethoven Monument in Vienna on th anniversary of birth) Beethoven Lives Upstairs - link 22 image1.png image2.jpeg image3.jpeg image4.jpeg image5.jpg image6.jpeg image7.jpg image8.jpeg image9.jpeg image10.jpeg image11.jpeg image12.jpeg image13.jpeg image14.jpeg image15.jpeg image16.jpg image17.jpeg image18.jpeg image19.jpg image20.jpeg image21.jpeg image22.jpeg

Classical Era Lecture 3chap 23 Classical Music In The Late 18th

Classical Era Lecture 3chap 23 Classical Music In The Late 18th

Classical Era - Lecture #3 Chap. 23 – Classical music in the late 18th century Chap. 24 – revolution and change MUSI 1307 – Music Literature In this Lecture, we will cover: Life of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Music of Mozart Life of Ludwig van Beethoven Music of Beethoven 2 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( Salzburg, Austria 4 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart () Born in Salzburg, Austria Celebrated child prodigy Started playing piano at 3 and composing at 5 Father = Leopold Mozart () violinist, composer Wrote book about playing the violin Sister = Maria Anna (“Nannerl”) Mozart’s home in Salzburg 5 Mozart family tours – Mozart family on tour around Europe Played concerts for many royal families and aristocrats 3 years at a time Learned about many styles from these tours In Paris, influenced by Johann Schobert – harpsichord sound like orchestra In London, met JC Bach – melodies sound like Italian opera in instrumental works In Vienna, learned about serenades, string quartets and symphonies 6 Adulthood for Wolfgang Job working for the Archbishop of Salzburg but dissatisfied Freelancer in Vienna Married Constance Weber 6 kids, only 2 survived In Vienna, composing, teaching, performing, organizing concerts & publishing. Had spending problems 1784 – Mozart met Haydn. Dedicated compositions to each other Died at 35. Composed over 600 pieces. For comparison, Haydn lived to 77 & wrote over 750 works In 1862, Cataloguer Ludwig von Köchel (K. number) 7 Mozart’s Piano Works Mozart wrote 19 sonatas, fantasias, variations, rondos and duets Sonata in F Major shows his style in the Vienna period. Written in , published in 1784 LISTENING #1 – Mozart Sonata in F Major, K. Mozart’s Chamber Works Instrument equality in ensembles Violin music – 36 sonatas, 2 variations, String duos and trios, 26 string quartets, string quintets, piano trio Flute quartets, horn quintets, clarinet quintets Serenades, divertimentos = lighthearted music for garden parties, outdoor performances, wedding, parties, background music Mozart made them into bigger more serious pieces Most famous serenade is the “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” (A little Night music) LISTENING #2 – Mozart Serenade No. 13, K. “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” 9 Mozart’s Orchestral Works - Concertos Best known for his 17 piano concertos 1st mvt – elements of ritornello & sonata form 2nd mvt – like lyrical aria Last mvt – usually rondo or sonata rondo form Always a balance between soloist & orchestra Listen : Mozart Piano Concerto No. 21 in C Major, K. 467 Mozart also wrote concertos for: violin, horn, bassoon, oboe, clarinet 10 Mozart’s Orchestral works - Symphonies 41 symphonies Early ones were mostly 3 mvts, intended for open concerts and theatrical events. Later ones were in 4 mvts. LISTENING #3 – Mozart Symphony No. 41 in C Major, K. 551, “Jupiter” Nickname came from someone else for marketing purposes Listen to 1st & 4th mvt (5 voice fugue at end) 11 Mozart’s Vocal works - Opera Mozart’s favorite genre – 22 operas He wrote 3 operas with librettist, Lorenzo Da Ponte Don Giovanni – combines opera seria and comic opera with characters from different classes. Don Giovanni – nobleman, womanizer Leporello – Don Giovanni’s servant (opera buffa) Donna Anna (opera seria) Commendatore – Donna Anna’s father LISTEN to opening scene – youtube LISTEN to another scene when DG seduces Zerlina not to get married “La ci darem la mano” 12 The Magic Flute – Mozart’s last opera Damsel in distress and prince who rescues her Birdcatcher – Papageno - LISTEN : Papageno aria Young lovers – Tamino and Pamina Evil Priest – Sarastro The Queen The Queen of the Night Aria – queen in rage, demanding daughter, Pamina, to assassinate her rival, Sarastro. Written for coloratura soprano (very high range) LISTENING #4 – Mozart: Queen of the Night aria from The Magic Flute, K. Mozart’s Vocal Works - Sacred Masses were written in modern symphonic-operatic styles, alternating between chorus and soloist. Mozart wrote 18 masses and many other sacred pieces Most notable is the Requiem Lacrimosa (means “Weeping”) - LISTEN Dies Irae (means “Day of Wrath” from 1200 Medieval poem) – LISTEN Sanctus – performed at St. Stephen’s Cathedral at 200th anniversary of Mozart’s death (1991) - LISTEN 14 Revolution and Change Late 18th and early 19th century Political and economic revolution Progress in technology, society, arts Similar to Beethoven’s story French Revolution – inspired by Enlightenment Napoleon Bonaparte – leader of Republic French government founded Paris Conservatory Industrial Revolution 15 Ludwig van Beethoven ( Ludwig van Beethoven () Born in Bonn, Germany Learned piano and violin from father Career is divided into 3 periods: First period: – mastery of musical language and genre Second period: – achieved new level of drama & expression Third period: – music becomes introspective and difficult Beethoven’s birthplace home in Bonn. Now it is a museum 17 First period: Piano sonatas – often used contrasts of style for form and expressive range. Use of frequent octaves, thick textures, abrupt changes “Pathétique” Sonata Op. 13 - dramatic, fantasia-like introduction LISTENING #5 – Beethoven Sonata in C Minor, Op. 13, “Pathétique” 1st string quartets (Op. 18) were published in st symphony in CM (1800) use Haydn and Mozart as model Violin Sonatas – 1801, wrote “Spring” Sonata LISTEN – Beethoven Violin Sonata, Op. 24, “Spring” Young Beethoven 18 Second period: - Hearing loss permanent Writes Heiligenstadt Testament New ambitious style Strong reputation Eroica Symphony (1803-4) – heroism LISTENING #6 – Beethoven “Eroica” Symphony No. 3 in E-flat Major, Op. 55 Fidelio (opera) – French Revolution inspiration Chamber music: 5 string quartets, 3 piano trios, 2 violin sonatas and a cello sonata Beethoven’s house in Heiligenstadt Piano Concertos – early ones similar to Mozart’s style No. 5 – expands range and dimensions. Starts with cadenza – LISTEN Symphony No. ) – struggle between CM and cm - LISTEN Symphony No. 6, “Pastorale” 20 Third period: Works becoming more introspective and concentrated with extremes Contrasts of style, figuration, character, meter, tempo Blurred division between phrases and mvts Song cycle Beethoven Piano Sonata No. 31 in A-flat Major, Op. 110 LISTEN – to first mvt and last mvt Symphony No. 9 – combined tradition and innovation LISTENING #7 – Beethoven Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125 Portrait of Beethoven in Beethoven’s death Beethoven was sick many times Mar. 26, 1827, Beethoven dies. 20,000 people attend his funeral Beethoven Monument in Vienna on th anniversary of birth) Beethoven Lives Upstairs - link 22 image1.png image2.jpeg image3.jpeg image4.jpeg image5.jpg image6.jpeg image7.jpg image8.jpeg image9.jpeg image10.jpeg image11.jpeg image12.jpeg image13.jpeg image14.jpeg image15.jpeg image16.jpg image17.jpeg image18.jpeg image19.jpg image20.jpeg image21.jpeg image22.jpeg

Classical Era Lecture 3chap 23 Classical Music In The Late 18th

In this lecture, the focus is on the development of classical music in the late 18th century, emphasizing key composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. It covers their lives, styles, significant works, and their impact on music history. The lecture also explores the socio-political revolutions of the period, including the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, which influenced the arts and cultural landscape of the time.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a child prodigy born in Salzburg, Austria. He started playing the piano at age 3 and composing at age 5. His father, Leopold Mozart, was a violinist and composer, and Mozart’s childhood involved extensive tours around Europe, where he learned various musical styles from influential figures such as Johann Schobert in Paris and JC Bach in London. His compositions include sonatas, chamber works, concertos, symphonies, and operas. His operatic works like Don Giovanni and The Magic Flute exemplify his mastery in blending serious and comic elements, while his sacred masses incorporate modern, operatic styles.

Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, and is renowned for his revolutionary approach to music, which evolved through three distinct periods. His early works demonstrate mastery of classical forms, enriched by dramatic contrasts, such as in his “Pathétique” sonata and early symphonies like Eroica. Beethoven’s middle period marked a shift towards more expressive and heroic compositions, inspired by personal struggles and historical events like the French Revolution. This period includes his Fifth and Sixth symphonies, as well as the opera Fidelio. His later years were characterized by introspection and innovation, exemplified by his Ninth Symphony, which features the revolutionary choral finale with the “Ode to Joy.”

The socio-political upheavals of the era profoundly influenced the composers’ works. The Enlightenment ideals fueled revolutionary sentiments captured in Beethoven’s compositions, which often embodied heroism, liberté, and human dignity. Technological advancements, such as improved instruments and the establishment of institutions like the Paris Conservatory, contributed to the dissemination and evolution of musical styles. The Industrial Revolution also played a role in shaping the cultural landscape, providing new opportunities for musical collaboration and distribution.

Musically, the late 18th century saw a shift towards more expressive, emotionally charged compositions, breaking away from the formal constraints of the Classical era. The development of new forms and structures—such as Beethoven’s expansion of sonata and symphonic forms—pushed the boundaries of musical expression. Composers began to focus more on individual expression and emotional depth, setting the stage for the Romantic era that would follow.

References

  • Brown, H. (2002). The Cambridge Companion to Mozart. Cambridge University Press.
  • Taruskin, R. (2010). The Oxford History of Western Music. Oxford University Press.
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