Cleaned Assignment Instructions For Essay And Project ✓ Solved
Cleaned assignment instructions for essay and project
Ceg 33105310
CEG 3310/5310 Laboratory 3 Loop Control PURPOSE The purpose of this lab is to introduce you to HCS12 C and assembly programming using loop control. This is a two-week project. EXPERIMENT (1) (50%) Using CodeWarrior to create a new project that uses C language. During the project setup, most steps are similar to when you created an assembly project except the following two extra steps: For “Rapid Application Development Option”, select None and press “Next”. Select “ANSI startup code”, “Small” memory model, and “None” for floating point format. Press “Next”. Write a simple C program that declares a character array of 32 elements and uses a for loop, with an ascending loop index variable, to write a constant value of -1 to every array element. The program also declares an integer array of 32 elements and uses a while loop with a descending loop index variable to write a constant value of -1 to every array element. At the end, the program should get into an infinite loop using a while loop. Make sure both arrays and both loop indices are all declared as global variables. Using CodeWarrior debug window to find out and record the following information inside the listing file (generated by the C compiler): The assembly code segment that corresponds to the for loop. Put comments on the code segment after studying it. For each assembly instruction, also record its starting address and its machine code. Repeat the above process for the while loop. Turn in only the listing file that contains the above information. Hint: From time to time, it helps to study assembly listing files produced by the C compiler. To produce assembly listing, do the following: 1. Open the “Standard Setting” dialog with Alt+F7. 2. Select “Compiler for HC12” and click “Options”. 3. Select the “Output” tab and check “Generate Listing File”. Click OK. 4. Build the project. 5. In the project’s “bin” folder, open the MASM Listing file for “main”.
(2) (50%) Write an assembly program that calculates the sum of N unsigned two-byte values stored in memory, then turns on LED1 if the sum exceeds a threshold. In the data section, reserve a two-byte space for THRESHOLD, a one-byte space for N, ten two-byte spaces for data, and a two-byte space for the sum. Fill in the data in the debug window. The program ends in an infinite loop. Demonstrate with a screenshot showing the data, LED status, and port contents. Submit main.asm and the screenshot. Hint: Use the DBNE instruction for loop control.
Sample Paper For Above instruction
Introduction
This paper explores the programming assignments and practical applications outlined in the laboratory instructions for CEG 3310/5310, focusing on loop control in C and assembly language for HCS12 microcontrollers. The objectives include creating C programs with specific loop structures, analyzing their assembly equivalents, and developing assembly routines for data summation and hardware control, such as LED activation based on data thresholds.
Part 1: C Programming and Assembly Analysis
The first part of the assignment involves creating a C project in CodeWarrior for the HC12 microcontroller. The program declares a character array of 32 elements and initializes each element to -1 using a for loop with an ascending index. Similarly, an integer array of 32 elements is initialized to -1 using a while loop with a descending index. Both arrays and loop indices are declared as global variables to ensure their accessibility throughout the program scope.
In the code, the for loop iterates from 0 to 31, assigning -1 to each character array element. The assembly code generated by the C compiler for this loop is examined by enabling the listing file output in CodeWarrior. Each instruction is analyzed, and comments are added to elucidate its purpose. The starting address and machine code are recorded for each instruction, providing insight into how high-level looping constructs translate into low-level assembly code.
Similarly, the while loop decrements the index from 31 down to 0, assigning -1 to the integer array. Its corresponding assembly instructions are studied and documented with addresses and machine codes. This meticulous analysis helps understand the underlying operations of loops in embedded C programming and their assembly equivalents, emphasizing the importance of understanding compiler-generated code.
Part 2: Assembly Routine for Summation and Hardware Control
The second task involves writing an assembly program that sums multiple unsigned 16-bit values stored in memory. The data section is structured using directives such as ds.b and ds.w to reserve memory spaces for THRESHOLD (two bytes), N (one byte), ten data words, and a sum (two bytes). Values are populated into memory via the debug window, facilitating hands-on understanding.
The program employs a loop, controlled by DBNE (Decrement and Branch if Not Equal), to process each data value, accumulate the total sum, and then compare the result with the threshold. If the sum exceeds the threshold, LED1 is activated by setting the appropriate port pin. The program concludes with an infinite loop to maintain the system state.
This routine exemplifies efficient use of assembly instructions for data processing and hardware interfacing in embedded systems design. Demonstrating the program with a screenshot of the debug window shows data values, LED status, and port contents, validating the functionality.
Discussion and Implications
The exercises underscore several key concepts in embedded systems programming: the translation of high-level loop constructs into assembly language, memory management with assembler directives, and real-time hardware control based on data thresholds. Mastery of these skills is essential for developing efficient and reliable embedded applications.
Conclusion
By analyzing compiler-generated assembly code and crafting dedicated routines for data summation and indicator control, students deepen their understanding of embedded programming fundamentals. These exercises bridge theoretical knowledge with practical skills, preparing students for advanced microcontroller applications.
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