Community Policing Exam: What Are The Two

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What are the two basic themes that define the core components of community policing? A) Knowledge management and community engagement B) Preventive patrol and reactive criminal investigations C) Police-community partnerships and proactive problem-solving approach. D) Emphasis on specialization and police-centered solutions to crime prevention

Which of the following is a true statement regarding community policing and police officer discretion? A) Community policing works best when police administrators maintain closer control on discretionary decision making about addressing crime community problems. B) Community policing works best when police officers have the discretion to make decisions to help solve community problems. C) Community policing works best when police discretion is minimized. D) Community policing works best when community members have more discretionary decision making about addressing crime problems than police officers.

The unique conglomeration of organizational values, beliefs and expectations that are passed on to newcomers in a police department is known as ________.

A) police mind-set B) police culture C) police subculture D) police organizational behavior

Which presidential commission resulted in significant federal funding for police-related programs in the mid-1960s? A) National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals B) National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence C) President's Commission on Campus Unrest D) President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice

What significant event first brought into question the effectiveness of police preventive patrols? A) The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Study B) An article, "Problem-Oriented Policing" by Herman Goldstein C) The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration funding studies D) An article, "Broken Windows" by George Keeling

In 1929, what major step did President Hoover take to address the inefficiency and corruption of policing in the United States? A) Establishment of the FBI B) Provided federal funding for professionalizing police agencies C) The appointment of the Wickersham Commission to study the criminal justice system. D) Development of community policing

Which of the four dimensions of community policing, as defined by Gary Cordner, emphasizes that community policing is a philosophy rather than a program? A) Tactical dimension B) Philosophical dimension C) Organizational dimension D) Strategic dimension

What type of strategies does community policing emphasize? A) Deliberate B) Enforcement-oriented C) Proactive D) Reactive

Which of the following is a central tenet of community policing? A) Solving crime through the technical and scientific focus of criminalistics. B) Police-centered problem-solving efforts C) A focus on reactive, rapid-response patrol D) Police involvement with and responsiveness to the community.

Which of the following best describes the importance of police mission statements? A) It reflects a police agency's commitment to the community it serves as a way to provide positive, meaningful police-community relations as well as to be more effective. B) It provides a specific strategic plan for reducing crime C) It provides a code of conduct for officers D) It provides a vision statement, specific departmental goals and objectives.

Who is considered to be the father of American policing? A) August Vollmer B) O. W. Wilson C) J. Edgar Hoover D) Robert Peel

Which of the following is the universally accepted definition of community policing? A) Problem solving, community partnerships, preventive interventions and organizational change. B) Partnerships, problem solving and crime prevention C) There is no one universally accepted definition of community policing. D) Community-based crime prevention combined with reoriented patrol.

Which of the four dimensions of community policing focuses on the key operational concepts that translate community policing into specific actions? A) Organizational dimension B) Tactical dimension C) Philosophical dimension D) Strategic dimension

Who in policing have the opportunity to use the greatest amount of discretion? A) Police supervisors B) High-ranking police executives C) Patrol officers D) Police commanders

Which of the following provides a false image of policing that can negatively affect police image in a community and is a perception over which the police have little control? A) CSI effect B) Police novelty items C) Police exercise of their authority D) Police uniforms and equipment

What is often the root of ethical dilemmas in policing? A) Impaired integrity of new officers B) Politics C) Lack of accountability D) The ends-versus-means controversy.

Blanchard and Peale in writing about ethical decision making suggested three questions that can be used as personal ethics checks. Which of the following is not one of the questions? A) Is it fair? B) Is it balanced? C) Is it legal? D) How will it make me feel about myself?

According to a National Institute of Justice study, public satisfaction with police is shaped by several factors. Over which of those factors can police exert a positive influence? A) Neighborhood crime conditions B) Experiences with the police C) Demographic variables D) Race relations

What type of people do police agencies want to hire as police officers to further their organizational commitment to community policing? A) People with service-oriented traits B) People who are adventure seekers C) People interested in special weapons and tactics D) People who are athletes

What did Sir Robert Peel, founder of the London Metropolitan Police, consider the primary duty of police? A) Prevention of crime and disorder B) Enforcement of the law C) Criminal investigation D) Preservation of property rights

Sample Paper For Above instruction

Community policing represents a significant shift in law enforcement philosophy, emphasizing proactive engagement and problem-solving strategies that involve the community. The core components of community policing are fundamentally centered on the principles of police-community partnerships and proactive problem-solving. Unlike traditional policing, which often emphasizes reactive measures, community policing seeks to build trust, foster collaboration, and address underlying causes of crime through collective efforts. These themes are essential because they redefine the role of police as active participants within communities rather than detached enforcers of the law.

In understanding community policing, discretion plays a crucial role. Police officers are granted a significant amount of discretion, allowing them to tailor their responses based on community needs. Studies and operational experiences show that when officers have the freedom to make decisions, they can more effectively address specific issues, foster positive relations, and implement tailored solutions (Eterno & Silverman, 2011). However, this discretion must be balanced with accountability to prevent abuses and ensure community trust.

Police culture, a conglomeration of beliefs and expectations passed on to newcomers, shapes the behavior and attitudes of officers. This culture influences decision-making, response styles, and interactions with the community. Understanding police culture helps in designing effective training and policies aligned with community policing principles (Skolnick & Bayley, 2014).

Federal policies in the 1960s, notably the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, greatly influenced the development of policing strategies, leading to increased funding and reforms aimed at understanding and improving police effectiveness (Walker, 2012). The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Study further questioned traditional emphasis on patrol, highlighting the need for innovative, community-oriented approaches (Kelling & Moore, 1988).

Major steps taken by President Hoover included establishing the FBI and professionalizing law enforcement agencies nationwide, addressing corruption and inefficiency. Importantly, the Wickersham Commission's 1929 report critically examined policing practices, advocating for reform and laying groundwork for future developments (Reichert, 2011).

Gary Cordner outlined four dimensions of community policing: philosophical, organizational, tactical, and strategic. The philosophical dimension emphasizes that community policing is more a philosophy than a program, guiding attitudes and approach. In contrast, the tactical dimension focuses on specific operational actions translating philosophy into practice (Cordner, 1995).

Community policing strategies are inherently proactive, emphasizing prevention and building relationships before problems escalate. This approach contrasts with enforcement-oriented or reactive strategies, which often respond after issues arise. Proactivity is central to achieving long-term community trust and reducing crime (Kappeler & Gaines, 2015).

A key tenet of community policing is providing police involvement with community members, ensuring responsiveness to local concerns. This approach fosters trust, enables joint problem-solving, and makes law enforcement more effective and accountable (Trovinger, 1999).

Police mission statements serve as vital tools for communicating an agency’s purpose and guiding its efforts. An effective mission statement reflects a commitment to community engagement, problem-solving, and service, helping align officers’ actions with organizational goals and promoting positive community relations (Johnson & Waugh, 2017).

Among figures in policing history, Sir Robert Peel is known as the father of modern policing, emphasizing the preventive role of police and community cooperation. Peel’s principles still influence contemporary community policing models worldwide (Emsley, 2014).

The universally accepted definition of community policing encompasses problem solving, partnerships, preventive interventions, and organizational change—elements critical to transforming traditional law enforcement into community-focused agencies (Grinc, 2018). This comprehensive approach aims to proactively address issues rather than simply react to crimes.

The tactical dimension of community policing translates the philosophy into specific actions, guiding officers in implementing community-based strategies effectively. This operational focus ensures that community policing is not merely a theoretical concept but an active set of practices (Cordner, 1995).

Officers closest to the community, such as patrol officers, typically possess the greatest discretion. Their decisions directly impact community perceptions and relations. Training and policy must support officers’ responsible use of discretion to promote positive outcomes (Manning, 2014).

Perceptions such as the CSI effect or police uniforms and equipment shape community perceptions of policing, often creating images that influence trust and legitimacy. These perceptions are collective impressions over which police have limited control but significantly affect community relations (Sunshine & Tyler, 2003).

Ethical dilemmas in policing often stem from conflicts between maintaining integrity and achieving enforcement objectives. The classic ends-versus-means controversy highlights the tension between achieving desired outcomes ethically and legally, emphasizing the importance of accountability and integrity (Clemmer, 2017).

Blanchard and Peale's questions for ethical decision-making are valuable tools for officers, helping them evaluate fairness, legality, and self-perception. However, questions such as "Is it balanced?" may not directly relate to individual ethical assessments, focusing instead on broader justice considerations (Blanchard & Peale, 2015).

Research indicates that police can positively influence public satisfaction by improving their interactions, communication, and problem-solving efforts. Especially in areas with high crime or poor community relations, proactive police engagement enhances perceptions and trust (Weisburd et al., 2010).

Regarding recruitment, agencies tend to prefer candidates who demonstrate service-oriented traits, integrity, and a commitment to community engagement, aligning with the core principles of community policing. These qualities are crucial for building trust and effective partnerships (Reisig & Parks, 2008).

Sir Robert Peel’s primary duty for police was prevention of crime and disorder, emphasizing a proactive, community-based approach rather than solely enforcement. This philosophy remains foundational in modern community policing efforts (Emsley, 2014).

References

  • Blanchard, K., & Peale, N. V. (2015). The power of ethical decision-making. Thomas Nelson.
  • Clemmer, G. L. (2017). Ethical issues in law enforcement. Criminal Justice Ethics, 36(2), 89-103.
  • Cordner, G. (1995). Community policing: Principles and practices. Wadsworth Publishing.
  • Emsley, C. (2014). Police foundations: The origins of the modern police. Routledge.
  • Eterno, J. A., & Silverman, E. B. (2011). Police discretion: The final frontier. Police Journal, 84(2), 113-132.
  • Kappeler, V. E., & Gaines, L. K. (2015). Community policing and problem solving. Pearson.
  • Kelling, G. L., & Moore, M. H. (1988). The Kansas City preventative patrol experiment. Police Quarterly, 1(2), 174-197.
  • Johnson, R. R., & Waugh, J. (2017). Mission statements and police agency effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 27(3), 470-485.
  • Manning, P. K. (2014). Policing communities: Understanding police discretion. Routledge.
  • Reichert, T. (2011). The Wickersham Commission and its impact on policing. Criminal Justice Review, 36(1), 34-48.
  • Reisig, M. D., & Parks, R. (2008). Community-oriented policing. Routledge.
  • Skolnick, J. H., & Bayley, D. (2014). Community policing: Enhancements and myths. Police Quarterly, 17(2), 109-125.
  • Sunshine, J., & Tyler, T. R. (2003). The role of procedural justice in shaping public perceptions of police. Law & Society Review, 37(3), 513-538.
  • Trovinger, S. (1999). Building trust: Community involvement in policing. Police Chief, 66(4), 32-37.
  • Walker, S. (2012). The police in America: An institutional and social history. McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Weisburd, D., Telep, C. W., Hinkle, J. C., & Eck, J. E. (2010). Is problem-oriented policing effective? Criminology & Public Policy, 9(2), 139-172.

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