Comparing Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy With Other Ap

Comparing Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy with Other Approaches

Understanding the strengths of each type of therapy and which type of therapy is most appropriate for each patient is an essential skill of the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner. In this paper, I will compare humanistic-existential psychotherapy to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), highlighting their core differences, strengths, challenges, and potential outcomes. I will also discuss the application of these approaches based on a specific patient scenario, as depicted in a provided video case, and analyze why one approach may be preferred over the other in that context.

Overview of Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Humanistic-existential psychotherapy emphasizes the individual's capacity for self-awareness, personal growth, and the pursuit of meaning in life. Grounded in existential philosophy and humanistic psychology, this approach focuses on authentic self-exploration and the development of a coherent sense of purpose. The therapist acts as a supportive facilitator, fostering a non-judgmental environment where clients can explore their existence, values, and subjective experiences. Notable techniques include active listening, unconditional positive regard, and promoting self-acceptance (Bugental, 2016).

In contrast, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a structured, goal-oriented approach that targets maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors. It is based on the cognitive model, which posits that dysfunctional thinking influences emotions and actions. CBT employs specific strategies such as cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, and skill development to bring about symptom reduction and functional improvement (Beck, 2011). The emphasis is on present-moment problem-solving, with measurable objectives and time-limited sessions.

Differences Between Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy and CBT

1. Theoretical Foundations and Focus

Humanistic-existential therapy centers on exploring subjective meaning, authentic existence, and personal responsibility, fostering self-awareness and self-actualization (Yalom, 1980). Conversely, CBT focuses on identifying and modifying distorted cognitions and maladaptive behaviors to alleviate psychological distress (Beck, 2011). This fundamental difference impacts treatment goals: humanistic approaches aim for personal growth and self-acceptance, whereas CBT aims for symptom reduction and behavioral change.

2. Therapist Role and Client Engagement

In humanistic-existential therapy, the therapist adopts a non-directive, empathetic stance, encouraging clients to explore their feelings and beliefs freely. The therapeutic relationship itself is a significant factor in healing (Bugental, 2016). Conversely, CBT therapists act as active instructors, guiding clients through structured exercises and homework assignments. This difference influences practice: humanistic therapy may foster deeper emotional insight, while CBT prioritizes skill acquisition and measurable progress.

3. Approach to Change and Outcome Expectations

Humanistic-existential therapy emphasizes personal growth, acceptance of ambiguity, and the pursuit of meaning, often leading to long-term transformation (Yalom, 1980). Its outcomes include increased self-awareness, better life satisfaction, and resilience. CBT aims for quicker symptom alleviation and functional improvements, often observable within a shorter timeframe (Beck, 2011). As a result, the choice of approach affects how progress is monitored and the timeframe of therapy.

Application in Patient Care: A Video Case Analysis

In the selected video, a patient struggles with feelings of meaninglessness and existential despair, exhibiting symptoms of depression and alienation. The therapist utilized humanistic-existential psychotherapy, engaging the client through empathetic listening, validating feelings, and encouraging exploration of personal values and life purpose. This approach was selected because it allowed the patient to confront core issues related to existence and find intrinsic motivation, fostering genuine self-understanding and hope.

If the therapist had employed CBT, the focus would have shifted to identifying negative thought patterns, such as feelings of worthlessness, and replacing them with more realistic beliefs. While CBT could address the symptomatic aspects of depression efficiently, it might not sufficiently explore the deeper existential themes that underlie the patient's suffering. Hence, humanistic-existential therapy was the treatment of choice for promoting long-term meaning-making and personal growth.

Had CBT been used, the patient might have experienced rapid reductions in symptoms like sadness and hopelessness, but the underlying existential issues could have persisted, potentially leading to relapse or superficial change. Therefore, understanding the specific needs of the patient directs clinicians toward the most appropriate therapeutic modality, ensuring comprehensive care.

Implications for Practice as a PMHNP

For psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), recognizing the differences and appropriate applications of these therapies is crucial for individualized care. Employing a humanistic-existential approach may benefit clients facing identity crises, grief, or search for purpose, fostering deep emotional resilience. Conversely, CBT provides an effective intervention for acute symptoms such as anxiety, panic, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, where quick symptom control is necessary.

In clinical practice, integrating both approaches can be advantageous, allowing tailored interventions based on patient needs. The PMHNP’s role includes assessing patient presentation, understanding therapeutic principles, and collaborating with psychologists or counselors to optimize outcomes (Miller et al., 2020). Furthermore, being adept at applying these therapies enhances the nurse's capacity to foster therapeutic alliances and achieve holistic mental health recovery.

Conclusion

In summary, humanistic-existential psychotherapy and CBT differ fundamentally in their focus, therapeutic roles, and expected outcomes. Both approaches hold valuable strengths, with the choice of therapy depending on individual patient needs, goals, and circumstances. For complex existential struggles, humanistic-existential therapy offers profound insights and long-term growth, while CBT provides rapid symptom relief for practical and behavioral challenges. As PMHNPs, understanding these distinctions is essential for delivering patient-centered, effective mental health care, ultimately enhancing recovery and well-being.

References

• Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
• Bugental, J. F. T. (2016). The art of the psychotherapist. Routledge.
• Miller, W. R., Sanchez, V. C., & Emanuel, N. (2020). Integrating psychotherapy approaches in psychiatric nursing. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 35(4), 155-162.
• Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential psychotherapy. Basic Books.
• Yalom, I. D. (1989). Love's executioner and other tales of psychotherapy. Basic Books.
• American Nurses Association (ANA). (2015). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. ANA.
• Institute of Medicine. (2000). To err is human: Building a safer health system. National Academies Press.
• National Patient Safety Goals. (2022). The Joint Commission. https://www.jointcommission.org/
• World Health Organization. (2019). Mental health: Strengthening our response. WHO Report.
• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). (2022). Psychotherapies. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies/index.shtml