Complete The Assignment Below And Provide Appropriate Answer

Complete The Assignment Below And An Appropriate Answers1 A Client As

Provide comprehensive information about types of advance directives, including living wills, durable power of attorney, and DNR orders. Describe the nurse's responsibilities when delegating tasks. Explain the steps involved in conducting a Rinne Test. Outline guidelines for repositioning a bed-bound client safely. Identify monitoring parameters during Aquathermia therapy. List steps for safely administering ophthalmic medications. Discuss priority actions when a client exhibits signs of aspiration during enteral feeding. Explain key points for discharge teaching on home oxygen therapy via nasal cannula. Describe actions a nurse should take for a client with a latex allergy.

Paper For Above instruction

Advance directives are legal documents that empower patients to state their preferences for medical care should they become incapable of decision-making. Understanding the different types of advance directives is crucial for nurses to support patients' rights and ensure their wishes are honored. The primary types include living wills, durable power of attorney for health care, and do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders, each serving distinct functions in end-of-life care planning.

Living Wills are written documents that specify what medical treatments a patient wishes or does not wish to receive if they become terminally ill or permanently unconscious. They guide healthcare providers and loved ones in making decisions consistent with the patient’s preferences, especially regarding life-sustaining treatments such as mechanical ventilation or artificial nutrition. Nurses should ensure that patients understand that a living will is specific and may need to be updated to reflect their current wishes.

Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare assigns a trusted person—often called a healthcare proxy or agent—to make medical decisions on behalf of the patient if they become unable to communicate their preferences. This document allows the designated individual to advocate for the patient’s values and wishes, providing personalized decision-making. Nurses are responsible for verifying that patients understand the scope of their authority and ensure the designation is documented and accessible in the medical record.

Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Orders indicate that a patient wishes not to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if their heart stops or they stop breathing. These orders are typically discussed with the patient or their surrogate and documented in the medical record. Nurses must recognize existing DNR orders, respect the patient’s autonomy, and communicate clearly with team members to avoid unnecessary resuscitative efforts.

When delegating tasks, nurses must adhere to ethical, legal, and institutional guidelines. Their responsibilities include assessing the patient's needs and the complexity of the task, understanding the delegatee’s education and competence, and providing appropriate supervision. Delegation involves clear communication, ensuring the delegatee understands the task, and monitoring for clinical outcomes. Nurses retain accountability for the overall care and must ensure that delegated tasks are within the delegatee’s scope of practice and match their training.

Conducting a Rinne Test involves specific steps aimed at evaluating hearing function. First, the nurse should place a vibrating tuning fork firmly against the client's mastoid process, behind the ear. Once the client no longer hears the vibration, the nurse quickly moves the tuning fork approximately 2 cm from the auditory canal, directing the sound waves toward the ear. The client should indicate when they can no longer hear the sound. The nurse then compares air conduction to bone conduction. Correct procedure does not include occluding the ear with the nurse's finger or whispering unless part of a different hearing test; instead, the focus is on vibrating fork placement and client feedback during air conduction assessment.

Proper repositioning of a bed-bound client requires adherence to safety guidelines to prevent caregiver injury and ensure patient comfort. The nurse should first assess the client’s mobility level and determine the most appropriate repositioning technique. Using proper body mechanics is essential: stand with feet shoulder-width apart, bend at the hips and knees, and keep the back straight. Employing assistive devices such as slide sheets or mechanical lifts can facilitate movement. Communicating clearly with the client to cooperate during repositioning minimizes resistance and discomfort. Maintaining good body alignment during repositioning prevents musculoskeletal injuries and skin breakdown.

The use of an Aquathermia pad, a form of thermotherapy, necessitates careful monitoring to prevent tissue injury. The nurse should assess the client’s skin integrity regularly, checking for signs of redness, blistering, or burns. It’s important to verify the temperature settings of the pad before application, ensuring they stay within safe parameters. The client’s comfort and response should be continuously observed, and the therapy should be discontinued if the client reports pain, or if skin changes occur. Proper skin assessment and adherence to manufacturer guidelines optimize therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks.

Administering ophthalmic medications safely involves several steps to ensure effectiveness and prevent infection. The nurse begins by performing hand hygiene and donning gloves. The medication vial or dropper should be inspected for contamination and expiration. The client should be positioned with their head tilted back or lying supine, and the lower eyelid gently pulled down to expose the conjunctival sac. The nurse administers the prescribed number of drops or ointment, avoiding contact with the eyelid or lashes to prevent contamination. After administration, the nurse instructs the client to close their eyes gently and blinks slowly to help spread the medication evenly. Hand hygiene is performed afterward to prevent cross-contamination.

When a client exhibits signs of aspiration during enteral feeding, safeguarding the airway becomes a priority. The nurse should immediately stop or pause the feeding to prevent further aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs. Assess for respiratory distress, coughing, or cyanosis, and notify the healthcare provider as needed. Positioning the client in an upright or semi-Fowler’s position (at least 30 to 45 degrees) helps reduce aspiration risk. Suctioning may be necessary if there are secretions or debris obstructing the airway. Oxygen therapy should be initiated if the client exhibits hypoxia. Monitoring oxygen saturation levels and respiratory status continuously ensures prompt intervention and minimizes complications such as pneumonia.

Discharge teaching for home oxygen therapy via nasal cannula includes several key points. The nurse should instruct the client to check that the cannula fits properly, with no excessive pressure on the nares, and to clean or replace the tubing regularly. It is important to advise the client against applying petroleum-based products around the nares, as these can be flammable and may clog the device, so A should be corrected to recommend water-based lubricants. The client should be informed that the nasal cannula must not be removed during activities like eating, which makes B incorrect; instead, brief disconnection is appropriate for meals if necessary, but continuous oxygen flow is preferred. The positioning and connection of the cannula should be checked periodically, making C correct. The client should report any nasal discomfort, nausea, or fatigue, which could indicate hypoxia or other issues, making D correct. Finally, posting "no smoking" signs and emphasizing the dangers of combustion near oxygen therapy is critical, so E is correct.

For clients with a latex allergy, nurses must take specific precautions. The primary action involves reviewing the client’s allergy history and clearly documenting it in the medical record to alert all healthcare team members. During procedures, the nurse should utilize latex-free gloves and ensure all equipment and supplies are latex-free. Signage indicating a latex allergy should be placed near the patient's bed or chart. An allergy alert bracelet may be appropriate to alert staff. The nurse should also inform the client about potential sources of latex exposure in the environment and advocate for latex-free products whenever possible. Immediate action is required if an allergic reaction occurs, including administering antihistamines or emergency care as indicated.

References

• American Nurses Association. (2015). Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. ANA.
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• Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2020). Mosby’s Guide to Nursing Diagnosis. Elsevier.
• Ongoing Education Resources for Nursing. (2021). Advance Directives information. Nursing.com
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