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Complete the following for this assignment: Describe the fundamental duties of a manager (you can use the Phase 4 resources on the four functions of management). An ethical dilemma is one where there is no clear right or wrong options, just consequences to decisions. Managers are often faced with ethical dilemmas on a daily basis. Understanding how to make ethical decisions is an important skill for all managers. Consider the following: As a manager, you have inside information on a job opening. Your friend is a candidate for this job. All candidates get a brief summary of the job description and requirements. Because you work for the company, your friend asks you for additional information to help out with the interview process. You know that you have more information that could help your friend get the job, but this information is not being shared with the other candidates. Use the Project Management Institute (PMI) guidelines for ethical decision making in your Phase 4 resources, and show how you came up with a final decision (document each of the five steps to show how you made your final decision). Read the first section of the article Strategy in the Global Environment in the Phase 4 resources. Briefly describe why you think it is important for managers to understand the global environment. Select one of the tools from the following website Basic Tools for Process Improvement and describe how this tool is used in the workplace for process improvement.

Paper For Above instruction

Effective management is foundational to organizational success, with managers responsible for planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals. These core duties align with the four functions of management — planning, organizing, leading, and controlling — as outlined in the Phase 4 resources. Understanding these functions is essential for managers to navigate organizational complexities and ensure efficient operations. Simultaneously, managers frequently encounter ethical dilemmas that challenge their decision-making, especially when causing potential conflicts between organizational policies and personal or professional integrity. An exemplary ethical dilemma involves the insider information about a job opening, where a manager has knowledge that could unfairly advantage a friend candidate.

When facing such dilemmas, following the PMI guidelines for ethical decision-making provides clarity and structure. The five-step process involves: (1) identifying the ethical issue, (2) understanding the stakeholders involved, (3) evaluating options based on ethical principles, (4) making a decision that aligns with professional standards, and (5) reflecting on the decision's impact. Applying this process, the manager recognizes the dilemma: sharing privileged information with their friend could unfairly influence the hiring process, violating principles of fairness and integrity. The stakeholders include the organization, other candidates, and the manager’s professional reputation. Ethical principles such as honesty, fairness, and confidentiality guide the decision. Given these considerations, the manager concludes that withholding the sensitive information upholds fairness, maintains integrity, and aligns with PMI guidelines.

Understanding the global environment is equally important for managers because it influences strategic decision-making, competitive advantage, and organizational resilience. As described in the article "Strategy in the Global Environment," managers must be aware of international markets, cultural differences, political risks, and economic variables to adapt strategies accordingly. This global awareness enables organizations to capitalize on worldwide opportunities and mitigate cross-border risks, leading to sustained growth and innovation.

In process improvement, tools such as Pareto Analysis are instrumental. The Pareto principle, or 80/20 rule, helps identify the most significant factors contributing to a problem, allowing focused efforts on issues that will yield the greatest improvements. In the workplace, Pareto Analysis can be used to analyze defects in a manufacturing process, for example, revealing that a small percentage of causes lead to the majority of quality issues. By addressing these high-impact causes, organizations can significantly enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve product quality.

In summary, managers play a vital role in organizational success through their core responsibilities, ethical decision-making, understanding of the global environment, and effective use of process improvement tools. Adhering to ethical standards ensures trust and fairness, while global awareness and process analysis maximize organizational performance and competitiveness.

References

• Fayol, H. (1916). General and Industrial Management. Paris: Dunod et Pinat.
• Project Management Institute. (2021). Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. PMI.
• Friedman, T. L. (2005). The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
• Hammer, M., & Champy, J. (1993). Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution. Harper Business.
• Hamel, G., & Prahalad, C. K. (1994). Competing for the Future. Harvard Business Review Press.
• Stata, R. (1989). Organizational learning—The key to management innovation. Sloan Management Review, 30(3), 63-74.
• Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Free Press.
• Simons, R. (1995). Levers of Control: How Managers Use Innovative Control Systems to Drive Strategic Renewal. Harvard Business School Press.
• Otto, S., & van den Heuvel, J. (2020). The Importance of Global Mindset for International Business Success. Journal of International Business Studies, 51(4), 589-607.
• George, M. L., Rowlands, D., Price, M., & Maxey, J. (2005). The Lean Six Sigma Pocket Toolbook. McGraw-Hill.