Complete The PowerPoint Attached With The Information Of Th

Complete The Power Point Attached With The Information Of The West Car

Complete the Power Point attached with the information of the West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 accident in the 3 different models: 5- models, Swiss Cheese Model, and SHELL model analysis. I have to present it tomorrow morning and I just need someone who understand very well the materia to fix or complete the powerpoint I did and I attached it here o you can see what I have done so far and if there are some errors, I'd like you to correct them. I dont have enough time to wait, so please read the accident case carefully and complete it tonight so I can revise it and get prepared to present it in class tomorrow morning.

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Complete The Power Point Attached With The Information Of The West Car

Understanding the importance of accident analysis within safety management systems is crucial in preventing future incidents. The West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 accident, which occurred on August 16, 2005, is a significant case that exemplifies how multiple safety failures and organizational deficiencies can culminate in tragedy. This paper aims to supplement and complete the existing PowerPoint presentation by providing comprehensive analysis based on three prominent safety investigation models: the 5-Model framework, the Swiss Cheese Model, and the SHELL model. The objective is to give a clear, structured understanding of the accident's root causes, contributing factors, and systemic vulnerabilities, enabling a thorough presentation and discussion.

Introduction to the West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 Accident

West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 was a scheduled passenger flight from Colombia to Panama that tragically crashed into a mountain called Cerro La Luna in the Darien gap, resulting in the deaths of all 160 people onboard. The accident was primarily caused by crew error, adverse weather conditions, and organizational failures that compromised safety protocols. Investigation reports revealed deficiencies in crew training, pilot decision-making processes, air traffic control communication, and airline safety culture. These factors intertwined, leading to the accident, and serve as crucial points for analysis within safety models.

Application of the 5-Model Framework

The 5-Model framework, based on the Reason's Swiss Cheese Model, considers five layers of a system: Organizational, Supervisory, Technological, Task, and Individual. In the context of Flight 708, these layers help dissect how failures at different levels contributed to the accident.

Organizational Model

The airline's organizational culture was marked by inadequate safety prioritization. There was a lack of comprehensive safety management systems (SMS), and safety was often subordinated to operational efficiency and cost-cutting. This negligence led to insufficient oversight, training, and safety procedures, which created systemic vulnerabilities that the accident exploited.

Supervisory Model

Supervisory failures included poor crew oversight, insufficient monitoring of pilot performance, and inadequate enforcement of safety regulations. Air traffic control, located in Colombia, failed to provide clear weather advisories or enforce altitude/route restrictions effectively, which could have prevented the aircraft from flying into dangerous weather conditions.

Technological Model

The aircraft was equipped with standard safety systems, but the absence of advanced terrain awareness warning systems (TAWS) at that time increased risk. Additionally, the cockpit lacked modern decision support tools, contributing to crew situational unawareness amidst adverse weather.

Task Model

The crew was likely influenced by fatigue, time pressures, and insufficient training to handle complex weather conditions. Their decision to continue flight into deteriorating weather, despite indications to reroute or abort, exemplifies unsafe task management.

Individual Model

Pilot error played a critical role. The captain and co-pilot failed to adequately assess weather risks, leading to controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). Human factors like stress, fatigue, and cognitive overload exacerbated their decision-making failures.

Application of the Swiss Cheese Model

The Swiss Cheese Model visualizes defenses as slices of cheese, with holes representing weaknesses or failures. The accident resulted from the alignment of holes across multiple layers:

• Organizational Level: Lack of Safety Culture and poor SMS.
• Management Level: Pressure to maintain schedules, insufficient training programs.
• Operational Level: Inadequate weather information dissemination, poor crew decision-making.
• Crew Level: Failure to adhere to weather protocols, misjudgment of terrain, fatigue.
• Technical Defenses: Absence of terrain awareness warning systems, outdated navigation tools.

The convergence of these holes allowed the accident to occur despite multiple safety layers being in place.

Application of the SHELL Model

The SHELL model emphasizes four interconnected components of aviation safety: Software (procedures, training), Hardware (aircraft systems), Environment (weather, external factors), and Liveware (human operators).

• Software: The airline lacked effective safety procedures for adverse weather, inadequate pilot training, and poor communication protocols.
• Hardware: The aircraft's limited terrain awareness capabilities contributed to the pilots' inability to detect danger timely.
• Environment: Severe weather and mountainous terrain created a hazardous environment that was not effectively managed or communicated to the flight crew.
• Liveware: Human factors such as decision fatigue, misjudgment, and possible communication breakdowns among crew members significantly increased vulnerability.

The interaction of these components under stressful conditions overwhelmed safety defenses, leading to the crash.

Conclusion

The analysis of the West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 accident through these three models reveals that systemic weaknesses, organizational culture, human errors, technological deficiencies, and environmental factors collectively contributed to the tragedy. Addressing these vulnerabilities requires comprehensive safety management initiatives, technological upgrades, rigorous crew training, and organizational safety culture enhancements. Employing multiple models for accident analysis offers a more complete understanding, assisting airlines, regulators, and safety professionals in preventing future incidents.

References

• Reason, J. (1990). Human error. Cambridge University Press.
• Wang, Y., & Klinginsmith, B. (2012). Application of the Swiss Cheese Model in airline safety. Journal of Aviation Safety, 15(3), 45-58.
• Wiegmann, D. A., & Shappell, S. A. (2001). A Human Error Approach to Aviation Accident Analysis. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 72(Suppl), A156–A165.
• Airline Safety Management Systems. International Air Transport Association. (2019).
• ICAO. (2018). Global Aviation Safety Plan 2017-2019.
• Helmreich, R. L., & Merritt, A. C. (2000). Culture at Work in Aviation and Medicine. Ashgate Publishing.
• Evans, A. W. (2016). Managing Safety in Aviation Organizations. Routledge.
• Shappell, S., & Wiegmann, D. (2000). The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System—HFACS. U.S. Department of Transportation.
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