Covid 19 8 Research Project Covid 19 Student’s Name Zoraida ✓ Solved

Covid 19 8 Research Project Covid 19 Student’s Name Zoraida

COVID-19 is an enormous group of infections that can cause disease in creatures or people. In people, there are several known coronaviruses that cause respiratory infections. These coronaviruses range from the common cold to more severe diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19. Initially, during the outbreak, many patients were reported to have a connection to a large seafood and live animal market; however, later cases with no connection to the market confirmed person-to-person transmission of the disease.

Moreover, travel-related exportation of cases has occurred. Transmission of coronavirus is primarily sent from person to person through respiratory droplets. These droplets are released when someone with COVID-19 coughs, sneezes, or talks. Infectious droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people nearby or potentially be inhaled into the lungs. A physical distance of at least 1 meter (3 ft) between individuals is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to avoid infection, although some WHO member states have suggested maintaining greater distances whenever possible.

Respiratory droplets can land on hands, objects, or surfaces around the individual when they cough or talk, and individuals can then become infected with COVID-19 by touching hands, objects, or surfaces with droplets and then touching their eyes, nose, or mouth. Recent data suggest that there can be transmission of COVID-19 through droplets from those with mild symptoms or those who do not feel ill. Current information does not support long-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, such as seen with measles or tuberculosis. Short-range inhalation of aerosolized droplets is seen as a possibility for COVID-19 transmission, particularly in crowded clinical wards and inadequately ventilated spaces.

Symptoms of COVID-19

A wide range of symptoms for COVID-19 have been reported. These include fever or chills, cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fatigue, headache, nasal congestion or runny nose, muscle or body aches, sore throat, new loss of smell or taste, nausea or vomiting, trouble breathing, persistent pain or pressure in the chest, new confusion, inability to wake or stay awake, bluish lips or face, and diarrhea.

Notwithstanding the significant concerns about case fatality rates, most COVID-19 infections are mild, and most patients are expected to recover without any special treatment, particularly younger individuals. Data from several countries suggest that 14%-19% are hospitalized, and 3%-5% will require intensive care unit admission.

Preventing COVID-19

Prevent infections by regularly washing hands, preparing food cleanly, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, practicing safer sex, and keeping vaccinations up to date. Food should be prepared cleanly, following the WHO Five Keys to Safer Food (keep clean, separate raw and cooked, cook thoroughly, keep food at safe temperatures, and use safe water and raw materials), and select food products produced without the use of antibiotics for growth promotion or disease prevention in animals.

  • Hand hygiene
  • Social distancing
  • Use a medical mask (e.g., at least a surgical/medical mask)
  • Personal protective equipment
  • Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
  • Cleaning and disinfection of devices and environmental surfaces
  • Safe injection practices
  • Medication storage and handling

Role of CDC in COVID-19 Response

The CDC works tirelessly to shield America from health, safety, and security threats, both foreign and domestic. Whether infections start at home or abroad, whether they are chronic or acute, treatable or preventable, human error or deliberate attack, the CDC fights disease and supports communities and individuals in doing the same. CDC enhances the health security of our nation.

As the country's health protection agency, CDC saves lives and protects people from health threats. To achieve its mission, the CDC conducts critical science and provides health information that protects our nation against costly and dangerous health threats, and responds when these threats arise.

Challenges in Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is rapidly rising to dangerously high levels globally. New resistance mechanisms are emerging and spreading worldwide, threatening the ability to treat common infectious diseases. A growing list of infections, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, sepsis, gonorrhea, and foodborne illnesses, are becoming harder, and in some cases impossible, to treat as antibiotics become less effective.

The primary role of public health nurses is to provide treatment to patients. Community health nurses also offer education to communities and individuals about maintaining their health to reduce the occurrence of diseases and deaths. They plan educational sessions, distribute flyers, conduct health screenings, dispense medications, and administer vaccinations.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding COVID-19, its transmission, symptoms, prevention techniques, and the role of health organizations like the CDC is crucial in combating this ongoing pandemic. Continued public education and adherence to health guidelines are essential to minimize the impact of COVID-19 and support recovery efforts.

References

  • Guo et al. (2020). Early Release - Aerosol and Surface Distribution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Hospital Wards, Wuhan, China, Volume 26, Number 7—July 2020 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. doi:10.3201/eid2607.200885
  • Ong et al. (2020). Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient. JAMA, 323(16). doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3227
  • Prather et al. (2020). Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Science. doi:10.1126/science.abc.
  • Scheuch (2020). Breathing Is Enough For the Spread of Influenza Virus and SARS CoV2. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE AND PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY, Volume 33, Number 4. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. doi:10.1089/jamp.2020.1616.
  • Bandyopadhyay, T. et al. (2020). Possible Early Vertical Transmission of COVID-19 from an Infected Pregnant Female to Her Neonate: A Case Report. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2020). COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). (2020). COVID-19 pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19-pandemic
  • Nature Reviews Microbiology. (2020). The health impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-020-00430-7
  • The Lancet. (2020). COVID-19: the challenges of crisis management in the healthcare system. Retrieved from https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31577-0/fulltext

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