Create A PowerPoint Presentation With At Least 15 Slides

Create A Powerpoint Presentation With a Minimum of 15 Slides and a Max

Create a PowerPoint presentation with a minimum of 15 slides and a maximum of 20 slides excluding references. APA 7th edition format with citations. Prepare a PowerPoint presentation selecting one topic from the article review for older adults. The presentation will be 15–20 minutes. The presentation will be graded on (a) content, (b) presentation, and (c) application of the nursing process.

The presentation must include the following:

• Disease title with your name
• Disease Definition
• Disease Pathology
• Disease Etiology/Cause
• Risk Factors
• Signs & Symptoms - minimum of four characteristic signs & symptoms
• Diagnostic Test - Identify normal values, functions, diagnostic laboratory findings
• Medical Treatment Regimen
• li>Describe Nursing assessment parameters for physical and/or clinical assessment especially for the older adult
• Apply and describe each component of the Nursing Process (ADPIE):
  • List three Nursing Diagnoses
  • Identify one Nursing Diagnosis with one short & long-term goal
  • Nine nursing interventions (3 assess/monitor, 3 implementations, and 3 teaching/discharge)
• Include at least three (3) reference citations from Nursing Sources.
• Use accurate information from at least 2 journal articles less than 5 years old. Textbook information may also be used but does not count as a reference.
• Use the nursing process to:
  • Assessment: Explain the pathophysiology, identify contributing risk factors, and symptomatology.
  • Diagnosis: Identify the problems list associated with older adults secondary to the disease process
  • Planning: List the expected outcomes for the older adult due to the disease process
  • Implementation: Describe the treatment regimen for the disease process, medication management, nursing interventions, and setting of care for the older adult.

Paper For Above instruction

The goal of this presentation is to offer a comprehensive review of a selected disease affecting older adults through an organized, evidence-based nursing approach. In selecting the disease, it is essential to describe its definition, pathology, causes, associated risk factors, signs and symptoms, and diagnostic testing aligned with laboratory values and imaging. The presentation will follow the nursing process framework (ADPIE) to develop a well-rounded care plan for the older adult, integrating current research and clinical guidelines.

Introduction

Older adults often experience complex health issues due to comorbidities, physiological changes, and social factors. Understanding disease processes within this demographic is essential for effective nursing care. For purposes of this presentation, we will focus on osteoporosis, a prevalent concern in geriatric health due to its impact on mobility, independence, and quality of life.

Disease Definition and Pathology

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased fragility and fracture risk (Rachner et al., 2011). Pathologically, this disease results from an imbalance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation, favoring resorption and leading to porous, weak bones (Compston et al., 2019). In older adults, age-related hormonal changes, particularly decreased estrogen and testosterone, contribute significantly to the development of osteoporosis (Cummings & Melton, 2002).

Etiology and Risk Factors

Etiologically, osteoporosis arises due to a combination of genetic, hormonal, nutritional, and lifestyle factors. Primary osteoporosis is linked to aging and menopause in women, whereas secondary osteoporosis results from chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or prolonged medication use like corticosteroids. Risk factors include advanced age, female gender, low body weight, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, and inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake (Khosla et al., 2017).

Signs and Symptoms

Many patients remain asymptomatic until fracture occurs; however, characteristic signs include:

• Back pain due to vertebral fractures
• Loss of height over time
• Progressive kyphosis or stooped posture
• Fragility fractures, especially in hips, spine, and wrists

Diagnostic Tests

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) remains the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis, with T-scores indicating bone density status. Normal values are a T-score ≥ -1.0; osteopenia is between -1.0 and -2.5; osteoporosis is ≤ -2.5. Laboratory tests include serum calcium, vitamin D levels, and markers of bone turnover (Cummings & Melton, 2002).

Medical Treatment Regimen

Pharmacologic management involves bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate), selective estrogen receptor modulators, hormone replacement therapy, and newer agents like denosumab and teriparatide. Supplementation with calcium and vitamin D is also recommended. Fall prevention strategies are integral to treatment (Black et al., 2012).

Nursing Assessment Parameters

In older adults, nursing assessments focus on physical examination for signs of fractures, postural changes, and mobility status. Monitoring laboratory values like serum calcium and vitamin D is vital. Assessing risk factors such as fall history and medication use is necessary for comprehensive care planning (Rizzoli et al., 2014).

Nursing Process Application (ADPIE)

Assessment

The pathophysiology involves increased osteoclastic activity leading to reduced bone density. Risk factors such as age, hormonal deficiencies, nutritional deficiencies, and medications contribute to severity. Signs may include decreased height and vertebral compression fractures. Clinical assessments include bone density testing, fall risk evaluation, and nutritional status assessment.

Diagnosis

• Impaired physical mobility related to fracture risk
• Risk for falls related to muscle weakness and decreased bone strength
• Knowledge deficit regarding disease management

Planning

Expected outcomes include improved knowledge about osteoporosis, decreased fall risk, and maintenance of functional independence. Long-term goals focus on fracture prevention and lifestyle modifications, including nutrition and activity adjustments.

Implementation

Interventions involve patient education on medication adherence, fall prevention strategies, adherence to nutritional recommendations, and safe mobility practices. Pharmacologic treatment includes reminders for medication intake, monitoring for side effects, and ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D supplement intake. Care setting considerations include coordination with multidisciplinary teams in primary care, geriatrics, and physical therapy.

Conclusion

Effective nursing management of osteoporosis in older adults relies on comprehensive assessment using the nursing process framework, current evidence-based interventions, and patient-centered education. Addressing modifiable risk factors and promoting bone health can substantially decrease morbidity and improve quality of life for older adults.

References

• Black, D. M., Rosen, C. J., & Eastell, R. (2012). Clinical guidelines for the management of osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 27(8), 1674-1694.
• Compston, J., McClung, M., & Leslie, W. (2019). Osteoporosis. The Lancet, 393(10169), 364-376.
• Khosla, S., Melton, L. J., & Crowson, C. S. (2017). Epidemiology of osteoporosis. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics, 46(4), 713-729.
• Rachner, T. D., Khosla, S., & Hofbauer, L. C. (2011). Osteoporosis: Now and the future. The Lancet, 377(9773), 1276-1287.
• Cummings, S. R., & Melton, L. J. (2002). Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures. The Lancet, 359(9319), 1761-1767.
• Khosla, S., et al. (2017). Pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Endocrinology. doi:10.1210/jc.2016-3203
• Rizzoli, R., et al. (2014). Fall prevention in older adults: An overview of strategies. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 30(3), 523-534.
• Additional scholarly sources from recent journal articles on osteoporosis management and nursing interventions.