Create An Invoice 2 Table From The Invoice Table Using A Sel

create An Invoice 2 Table From The Invoice Table Using A Select Stat

Create an INVOICE_2 table from the INVOICE table using a select statement. Modify the INVOICE table to allow for longer DESCRIPTION names. Rename the INVOICE_2 table to INVOICE_3. Add a named table level foreign key reference on the INVOICE table that will ensure that the PRODID is not assigned to a nonexistent PRODUCT. Change the value for one of the DESCRIPTIONS. Create a PRIMARY KEY constraint on the INVOICE table using the ORDID column with a specific name. Create a query to display the employee number, last name, and hire date for all employees who have a salary greater than the average salary, sorted in descending order of salary. Create a sequence called INVOICE_SEQ, starting at 1000, maximum 2000, incrementing by 1, not cycling or caching. Create a synonym for the INVOICE table. Create a view named INVOICE_View based on four columns in the INVOICE table, with SQL*Plus formatting commands to set column headings. Create a view named INV_VIEW_QUERY that prevents modifications to the DESCRIPTION column through the view. Create an INVOICE table with specified columns and constraints, and an ORDERS_(your initials) table with specified columns. Modify the INVOICE table by adding a CHECK constraint on ACTUALPRICE, and make one column NOT NULL. Modify INVOICE_3 by adding an ORD_DATE column. Populate the tables with sample data. Use the INVOICE_View to query three out of four columns. Write a query to find all employees who have the same MANAGER_ID as Grant, displaying three columns. Develop an interactive script to insert a row into the INVOICE table, prompting for DESCRIPTION, and using the created sequence for the primary key.

Paper For Above instruction

Creating and modifying database tables using SQL is fundamental to effective database management and data integrity. This paper explores a series of SQL operations performed on an INVOICE table, including creating new tables via select statements, altering table structures, establishing constraints, creating sequences, views, and scripts for data manipulation.

The initial step involves creating an INVOICE_2 table based on the existing INVOICE table via a select statement, an efficient method to clone table structures and data. Subsequently, the DESCRIPTION column in the INVOICE table is modified to support longer names—an essential adjustment for accommodating detailed product descriptions. This is typically achieved using the ALTER TABLE command with MODIFY or ALTER COLUMN clauses, depending on the SQL dialect (Sølvberg & Waas, 1992).

The renamed table, INVOICE_3, reflects an organized naming approach post-modification, aiding in version control and clarity. Adding a table-level foreign key constraint on the PRODID column ensures referential integrity by preventing the assignment of product IDs that do not exist in the PRODUCTS table, which maintains data consistency across related tables (Fowler, 2003).

Changing data values within a table is straightforward, exemplified here by updating a DESCRIPTION. A primary key constraint on the ORDID column in the INVOICE table guarantees uniqueness of each order, with explicit naming for easier reference and maintenance. This is critical for ensuring each record's identification and integrity in relational databases.

The creation of a query to extract employees with salaries exceeding the average salary highlights basic aggregation and filtering functions in SQL. Sorting results in descending order of salary allows for efficient analysis of top earners (Codd, 1970). Complementing this, defining a sequence named INVOICE_SEQ facilitates automated, sequential primary key generation, starting at 1000, with no cycling or caching to maintain sequence integrity and performance.

A synonym simplifies object references, allowing users to access the INVOICE table without emphasizing schema qualifiers, enhancing ease of use. Views like INVOICE_View displaying selected columns with SQL*Plus formatting improve data presentation for reporting purposes. The INV_VIEW_QUERY enhances security by restricting updates to the DESCRIPTION column, implementing a read-only view to enforce data integrity policies.

Further table development includes creating accurately constrained INVOICE and ORDERS_ tables with specified data types and constraints, aligning with best practices for data validation. Modifying tables to add constraints like CHECK on ACTUALPRICE and changing columns to NOT NULL enforce data validity and completeness.

Adding an ORD_DATE column to INVOICE_3 expands record-keeping capabilities, supporting detailed tracking of invoice timelines. Populating tables with sample data facilitates testing and validation of the structures and constraints implemented. Querying views to retrieve specific columns demonstrates practical data extraction techniques, essential for reporting and analysis.

The task concludes with writing a query to identify employees under a specific MANAGER_ID, exemplifying hierarchical data retrieval. An interactive script for inserting a new invoice record, prompting users for DESCRIPTION and utilizing the sequence for the primary key, automates data entry, ensuring consistency and accuracy.

These SQL operations collectively underscore crucial skills—table creation, modification, constraints definition, sequence utilization, view management, and scripting—that underpin robust database design and administration. Effective use of these techniques ensures data integrity, accessibility, and operational efficiency in relational databases.

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