Crypto Exercise: Symmetric Key Cryptography
Cryptoolexercisesymmetric Key Cryptography Exerciseplease Visitwwwcry
Cryptoolexercisesymmetric Key Cryptography Exerciseplease Visitwwwcry
CrypTool Exercise Symmetric Key Cryptography Exercise Please visit and download CrypTool 1. Try Caesar. Encrypt a sample text, and then and decrypt the encrypted text to obtain the original sample. Answer the following questions: 1) Describe the Caesar algorithm in one paragraph. 2) What was the key of the Caesar algorithm you used in your encryption exercise?
Which key have you used for the decryption? For a modern symmetric cryptographic algorithm, key length is the most important factor in ensuring the data's confidentiality. Key length is the number of bits in a key used by an algorithm. For example, AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm, key length can be 128, 192, or 256 bits. “256-bit key is 2128 times stronger than a 128-bit key (not two times). Proof: the number of possible keys in a 256-bit key is 2256. For a 128-bit key, it is 2128. When you divide 2256 by 2128, it is 2128 (not 2). Fifty supercomputers that could check a Quintillion(1018) AES keys per second (if such a device could ever be made) would, in theory, require about 3à—1051 years to exhaust the 256-bit keyspace. This example shows how key length is crucial for security. Caesar cipher is not a modern algorithm, and the keys in Caesar are not represented in binary notation. “5” or “E” is a sample key that can be used in Caesar cipher; you shift the letters in a given text by 5 to the right if you decide to use that key. To answer the question-3, think about the number of all possible keys that can be used by Caesar cipher and answer this question: “Which power of 2 is close to the number of all possible keys”? Same question with different wording: What is “x” in this equation: 2^x= number of all possible keys in Caesar cipher? The “x” will help you answering question-3 accurately. [1: 3) Can the key length of Caesar cipher be an integer value? Validate your answer. (Hint: Please note that you have to consider key space (all possible keys) of the Caesar cipher to answer this question. Key length is the number of total bits used to represent all keys in the key space in binary notation. Public Key Cryptography Exercise Briefing: Purpose of public key cryptography Public key cryptography can be used for two main purposes. 1) Message encryption and decryption (Step-3, Step-4, Step-5, Step-6) 2) Message signing and verification (Step-7, Step-8, Step-9, Step-10, Step-11, Step-12) Part-1: Message Creation Step-1: Open a new blank window Step-2: Write a short message Part-2: Message Encryption & Decryption Briefing: Explanation of message encryption and decryption It is always better to use the following scenario with two users to understand the public key cryptography. If you want to ensure the confidentiality of the message in this scenario, you need the encrypt your message before sending to Bob. For this, you use Bob’s public key to encrypt the message. Only the matching private key can decrypt that message (in our case, it is Bob’s private key.) Note that, public keys can be freely shared with other users because they are only used for encryption; not decryption. Note that, how Step-4 and Step-6 correspond to the encryption and decryption steps in this figure. Step-3: Choose RSA Encryption Step-4: Choose the recipient and click the Encrypt button Step-5: Choose the RSA Decryption Step-6: Choose the recipient, enter the PIN code (1234) and click the Decrypt button Part-3: Message Signing & Verification Briefing: Explanation of message signing and verification The second purpose of public key cryptography was message signing and verification. We can use the following scenario for this. You use your private key to sign the message. Note that, unlike public keys, private keys are strictly protected and kept confidential by several means. After you sign the message by using your private key, the content of the message will be still readable. Because message signing does not ensure confidentiality, rather, it ensures integrity. If somebody changes the document during transport, verification will fail because of the integrity loss. Note that, in Cryptool exercise, there is only one person who is Bob. Therefore, the actual scenario compatible with CrypTool is as follows. Note that, how Step-8 and Step-10 correspond to the signing and verification steps in this figure. Step-7: Click the Sign Document Step-8: Choose the user, enter the PIN code (1234), and click the Sign button Step-9: Click the Verify Signature Step-10: Choose the user, and click Verify signature button Step-11: Change the message and add a character Step-12: Try to verify the message, paste the message here Questions: 1) In commercial products and productions environment, public keys are not used for bulk encryption. What has been done instead of using public keys for bulk encryption? 2) Where are public keys stored? 3) Why is PIN entered for Step-6 and Step-8? 4) Where are private keys usually stored? Feel free to provide as many options as you can. Purpose Risk management is an important process for all organizations. This is particularly true in information systems, which provides critical support for organizational missions. The heart of risk management is a formal risk management plan. This project allows you to fulfill the role of an employee participating in the risk management process in a specific business situation. Learning Objectives and Outcomes You will gain an overall understanding of risk management, its importance, and critical processes required when developing a formal risk management plan for an organization. Required Source Information and Tools Web References: Links to web references in this document and related materials are subject to change without prior notice. These links were last verified on October 8, 2020. The following tools and resources will be needed to complete this project: Course textbook Internet access Suggested resources: · NIST RMF: · NIST risk assessment guidance: · NIST contingency planning guidance: · Business Impact Analysis, · Business Continuity Plan (Ready.gov): Scenario You are an IT security intern working for Health Network, Inc. (Health Network), a fictitious health services organization headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Health Network has over 600 employees throughout the organization and generates $500 million USD in annual revenue. The company has two additional locations in Portland, Oregon and Arlington, Virginia, which support a mix of corporate operations. Each corporate facility is located near a co-location data center, where production systems are located and managed by third-party data center hosting vendors. Company Products Health Network has three main products: HNetExchange, HNetPay, and HNetConnect. HNetExchange is the primary source of revenue for the company. This service handles secure electronic medical messages that originate from its customers, such as large hospitals, which are then routed to receiving customers such as clinics. HNetPay is a web portal used by many of the company’s HNetExchange customers to support the management of secure payments and billing. The HNetPay web portal, hosted at Health Network production sites, accepts various forms of payments and interacts with credit-card processing organizations. HNetConnect is an online directory that lists doctors, clinics, and other medical facilities to allow Health Network customers to find the right type of care at the right locations. It contains doctors’ personal information, work addresses, medical certifications, and types of services that the doctors and clinics offer. Doctors are given credentials and can update the information in their profile. Health Network customers, which are the hospitals and clinics, connect to all three of the company’s products using HTTPS connections. Doctors and potential patients can make payments and update their profiles using Internet-accessible HTTPS websites. Information Technology Infrastructure Overview Health Network operates in three production data centers that provide high availability across the company’s products. The data centers host about 1,000 production servers, and Health Network maintains 650 corporate laptops and company-issued mobile devices for its employees. Threats Identified Upon review of the current risk management plan, the following threats were identified: Loss of company data due to hardware being removed from production systems Loss of company information on lost or stolen company-owned assets, such as mobile devices and laptops Loss of customers due to production outages caused by various events, such as natural disasters, change management, unstable software, and so on Internet threats due to company products being accessible on the Internet Insider threats · Changes in regulatory landscape that may impact operations Management Request Senior management at Health Network has determined that the existing risk management plan for the organization is out of date and a new risk management plan must be developed. Because of the importance of risk management to the organization, senior management is committed to and supportive of the project to develop a new plan. You have been assigned to develop this new plan. Additional threats other than those described previously may be discovered when re-evaluating the current threat landscape during the risk assessment phase. The budget for this project has not been defined due to senior management’s desire to react to any and all material risks that are identified within the new plan. Given the company’s annual revenue, reasonable expectations can be determined. Delivery Requirements Format: Microsoft Word (or compatible) Font: Arial, size 12, double-space Citation style: Your school’s preferred style guide · Estimated length: 4–6 pagesAt the end, include a References section in HTML (for example, an