Define A NegativeAmountException Class In Exception Classes ✓ Solved

Exception Classes Define a NegativeAmountException class.

This exception will be thrown when a negative number is applied to balance, deposit, withdrawal, or rate. The NegativeAmountException class holds the following information: an amount of type double, representing the negative value passed to the constructor or methods. It includes member functions: a constructor accepting a negative number, and a getMessage() function returning a string that includes the negative value.

Design a NotEnoughFund class

This exception is thrown from the withdraw method of SavingsAccount when the withdrawal amount exceeds the current balance. The class has a default constructor and a getMessage() method returning the string "Not enough fund".

Bank Accounts Design

Create a BankAccount class with attributes: type (string), balance (double), numDeposits (int), numWithdrawals (int), and rate (double). The class must include: a default constructor, a parameterized constructor that throws NegativeAmountException if balance or rate is negative, get and set methods that throw exceptions if given negative values, deposit and withdraw methods that throw exceptions on negative amounts or insufficient funds, a calcInt() method to update balance with monthly interest, and a print() method to display account info.

SavingsAccount Class

Derive from BankAccount; include an attribute status (bool). If balance falls below $25, status becomes false and the account is inactive; no withdrawals allowed until balance exceeds $25, activating the account again. Member functions include: default and parameterized constructors (which throw exceptions if necessary), an overridden withdraw() method that checks for activity status and updates it accordingly, an overridden deposit() method that reactivates an inactive account if deposit exceeds $25, getStatus(), and a print() method that calls the base print() and displays the account status.

CheckingAccount Class

Derived from BankAccount; provides constructors setting type as "Checking Account". The withdraw() function throws NegativeAmountException on negative inputs, NotEnoughFund if insufficient funds, and deducts a $15 service charge when funds are insufficient, possibly resulting in a negative balance.

Employee Class

Design an Employee class with attributes: name (string), id (string). Include default and parameterized constructors, get and set methods, and abstract methods earnings() and print().

Derived Employee Classes

ProductionWorker

Includes attributes: shift (int), hours (int), hourlyPayRate (double). Overrides earnings() as hourlyPayRate * hours, and print() to display comprehensive employee info including shift and pay details.

ShiftSupervisor

Includes attributes: salary (double) and bonus (double). Overrides earnings() as salary + bonus, and print() to display supervisor info.

Summary

This design involves creating a hierarchy of account classes with robust exception handling and detailed employee classes with polymorphism, demonstrating core Object-Oriented Programming principles such as inheritance, encapsulation, and exception management.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

The development of a comprehensive banking and employee management system requires meticulous design of classes that encapsulate attributes and behaviors pertinent to real-world scenarios, coupled with robust exception handling to maintain data integrity and operational correctness. This paper explores the design and implementation of exception classes, bank account classes with inheritance, and employee classes with inheritance and polymorphism, outlining their functions, relationships, and crucial exception handling mechanisms.

At the core of the system are the exception classes, namely NegativeAmountException and NotEnoughFund. The NegativeAmountException class is crafted to handle cases where negative values are unexpectedly entered for sensitive financial operations. Its constructor takes a double value, representing the negative amount, and the getMessage() function constructs a message indicating the invalid amount, aiding in debugging and user feedback. Such exception handling ensures that any attempt to deposit, withdraw, or set a negative balance or rate is promptly caught and reported, maintaining data correctness within the financial system.

The NotEnoughFund class is designed to alert the system when a withdrawal exceeds available funds, an essential constraint in banking operations. Its default constructor initializes the exception, and getMessage() returns a standard message: "Not enough fund". Integrating these exceptions into account operations enforces realistic banking constraints and prevents runtime errors that could corrupt data or produce inconsistent states.

The BankAccount class models general bank accounts with essential data members: type, balance, numDeposits, numWithdrawals, and rate. It features constructors that initialize attributes and throw a NegativeAmountException if either balance or rate is negative, ensuring that only valid financial data are maintained. Accessor and mutator methods for each attribute also include similar exception handling, preserving data integrity across operations. The deposit() and withdraw() functions add and subtract amounts respectively, with checks for negative values and sufficient funds, throwing exceptions as necessary. The calcInt() function computes monthly interest based on the annual rate, updating the balance accordingly, reflecting realistic interest accrual behavior. The print() method displays all relevant account information, facilitating audits and user interaction.

The SavingsAccount class extends BankAccount by including a status attribute that indicates whether the account is active or inactive. If the balance drops below $25, the account becomes inactive, preventing further withdrawals until deposits raise the balance above this threshold, reactivating the account. Its overridden withdraw() method enforces the activity status check, preventing invalid operations, and updates the status as needed. The deposit() method similarly reactivates an inactive account if deposits surpass $25. The print() method provides both account details inherited from the base class and the current status, offering clarity on account standing.

The CheckingAccount class further specializes BankAccount by providing a constructor that sets the account type to “Checking Account” and overriding the withdraw() method. Here, if insufficient funds exist, a $15 service charge is deducted, and the withdrawal is aborted if the balance cannot cover both the withdrawal amount and the service fee. This mimics real-world banking scenarios where service charges are levied for overdraft-like conditions, and accounts may go negative, requiring realistic handling and reporting.

On the employee management side, an abstract Employee class encapsulates employee data with attributes such as name and ID and declares pure virtual functions earnings() and print(). Derived classes include ProductionWorker and ShiftSupervisor. The ProductionWorker class maintains shift, hours, and hourly pay rate, with earnings calculated as the product of pay rate and hours, per standard payroll calculations. Its print() function displays employee details, including shift and pay rate.

Similarly, the ShiftSupervisor class introduces salary and bonus attributes, with earnings computed as their sum, reflecting managerial compensation. Its print() function provides a comprehensive overview of the employee's status, emphasizing the hierarchical nature of the class design.

Overall, this system demonstrates the application of object-oriented design principles, including encapsulation of data, inheritance for specialization, polymorphism for flexible method invocation, and exception handling for robustness. These features are vital in building reliable banking and personnel management applications that mirror complex real-world functionalities. Implementation of robust exception classes ensures that invalid data are caught early, and subclassing allows for extension of basic functionalities, such as differentiated behavior between account types and employee roles.

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