Directions: Parenting Influences Children's Development

Directions: Parenting is influential on developing children. Parental responses

Parenting is influential on developing children. Parental responses shape attachment in infancy and continue impacting development during early and middle childhood. Initial Post Define the four parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. Select one parent style and create a scenario between a parent and child that demonstrates the parenting style. The scenario should include the actions or words of the parent and how the child would respond to this behavior and explain how the scenario fits into the selected parenting style. Response Post Reply to a peer whose definitions or scenario helped you understand the parenting style. Attempt to respond to a peer who chose a parenting style different from the style you selected in your initial post. What about the definition or example that helped you understand that parenting style?

Paper For Above instruction

Parenting styles significantly influence a child's emotional, social, and cognitive development. Psychologists have identified four primary parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. Each style is characterized by different levels of responsiveness and demandingness, which shape children’s behaviors and developmental outcomes. Understanding these styles aids in recognizing the impact of parental behaviors and responses on children's growth and well-being.

Definitions of the Four Parenting Styles

The authoritative parenting style is characterized by high responsiveness coupled with reasonable demands. Parents set clear expectations and boundaries while also being supportive and communicative. They encourage independence but maintain consistent discipline. Authoritative parents foster self-reliance, social competence, and emotional regulation in children (Baumrind, 1966).

The authoritarian style is marked by high demands with low responsiveness. Parents enforce strict rules and expect obedience without much warmth or dialogue. Discipline is often punitive, and children may experience obedience but with less emotional support (Baumrind, 1966).

The permissive style involves high responsiveness but low demands. Parents are indulgent, lenient, and avoid asserting control. They tend to act more as friends than authority figures, leading to children who may struggle with self-discipline (Maccoby & Martin, 1983).

The uninvolved style is characterized by low responsiveness and low demands. Parents are often detached or neglectful, providing minimal guidance or emotional support. Children raised by uninvolved parents might exhibit attachment issues and behavioral problems (Baumrind, 1966).

Scenario Demonstrating the Permissive Parenting Style

In a scenario exemplifying permissive parenting, the parent might say to their 8-year-old child, “You can choose what snack you want, and if you don’t want to do your homework right now, that’s okay.” The parent shows a relaxed attitude towards rules and boundaries, allowing the child significant freedom but providing minimal discipline or structure. The child, in response, may respond with indecision or a lack of motivation, perhaps saying, “Okay, I’ll do it later,” and dismissing the importance of the homework.

This scenario reflects permissive parenting because the parent demonstrates high responsiveness in being accommodating and lenient but shows low demandingness in setting limits and enforcing rules. The child's response shows a potential lack of self-regulation, which is typical in permissively raised children, who often struggle with impulses and delayed gratification due to lack of consistent boundaries.

Discussion

Understanding this scenario and its alignment with permissive parenting provides insight into how parenting behaviors influence child development. Permissive parents may foster emotional warmth but risk undermining the child's ability to develop self-discipline. Conversely, other styles like authoritative parenting balance warmth with firm boundaries, which research associates with more positive developmental outcomes (Baumrind, 1995). Recognizing these behaviors helps parents and caregivers promote healthier growth environments.

References

• Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887–907.
• Baumrind, D. (1995). Parenting styles and adolescent development. In P. A. Cowan & S. L. Cowan (Eds.), The family context of parenting (pp. 19-41). John Wiley & Sons.
• Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (4th ed., pp. 1-101). Wiley.
• Rohner, R. P. (2004). Parental warmth and acceptance. In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (6th ed., Vol. 3, pp. 429-460). Wiley.
• Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Parent styles associated with children's self-regulation and competence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 18(5), 493-509.
• Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487–496.
• Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65(4), 1111-1119.
• Pinquart, M., & Kauser, J. (2018). Comparing parent styles and child behavior in different cultures. Child Development Perspectives, 12(3), 166-171.
• Steinberg, L. (2001). We know some things: Parent–adolescent relationships in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11(1), 1–19.
• Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43–88.