Discuss The Different Views (e.g., Interactionist, Consensus ✓ Solved

Discuss the different views (I.e., interactionist, consensus, conflict)

In week 2, you learned about the various ways in which we are made aware of crime and the different strengths and weaknesses of each of these methods of gathering crime statistics. You have also learned about how crime is defined can impact the overall perception and knowledge of crime.

Directions: With the readings from week 1 and 2 in mind, answer each of the following questions. Be sure to fully answer each part of every question.

1. Discuss the different views (I.e., interactionist, consensus, conflict) that influence how crime is defined. Which do you think is the best definition and why? Your “why” should be supported with facts.

2. Discuss two strengths and two weaknesses of each of the various measures of crime. Which method do you think is best and why?

3. Discuss two ways in which you think we can lessen the dark figure of crime.

4. Based on your answers to questions 1-3, propose a new way in which you think crime data should be collected. * note- this question involves critical thinking and should be your unique idea. You should, however, use course material to back up your thoughts.

Format Directions: Typed, 12 point font, double spaced APA format style (Cover page, in text citations and references). This should NOT be in flowing prose- you should answer in 1, 2, 3, 4 format.

Paper For Above Instructions

1. Views Influencing Crime Definition

Crime is a complex social phenomenon that is defined and understood through various theoretical perspectives. The three major views that influence how crime is defined are interactionist, consensus, and conflict theories. Each perspective provides a unique lens through which crime can be analyzed and understood.

The interactionist view posits that crime is a social construct that is defined through social interactions. This perspective emphasizes the importance of the meaning and interpretation individuals attach to certain behaviors. For example, an act considered criminal in one cultural or social context may not be viewed the same way in another. This theory suggests that labeling someone as a criminal can lead to deviance amplification, as individuals adopt the identity ascribed to them (Becker, 1963).

On the other hand, the consensus view suggests that crime is defined based on societal norms and values. According to this view, the laws reflect the shared values of the majority, and behaviors that deviate from these norms are labeled as criminal. This theory relies on the idea of a social contract, where individuals agree to abide by common rules for the benefit of all (Durkheim, 1893).

Conversely, the conflict theory argues that crime is a product of social inequalities and power dynamics. It posits that laws are created and enforced by those in power to control marginalized groups (Quinney, 1970). This perspective highlights the struggles between different social classes and emphasizes that definitions of crime often serve the interests of the powerful at the expense of the disadvantaged.

Among these theories, the conflict theory may offer the most comprehensive understanding of crime definitions today. It strategically highlights the inequalities present in society and how these inequalities shape the criminal justice system. It is supported by numerous instances where laws disproportionately target marginalized communities, showcasing how definitions of crime reflect societal power structures (Becker, 1963; Quinney, 1970).

2. Strengths and Weaknesses of Crime Measures

Crime data is collected through various methods: official statistics, victimization surveys, and self-report surveys. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses.

Official statistics, such as those collected by the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program, provide comprehensive data on reported crimes. One major strength of this method is its ability to provide a standardized measure of crime over time, allowing for comparisons across different jurisdictions. However, a significant weakness is that not all crimes are reported; this underreporting means that the official statistics can misrepresent the true extent of crime.

Victimization surveys, like the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), offer insight into unreported crimes by asking individuals about their victimization experiences. The strength of this method is its ability to capture the "dark figure of crime" (the number of crimes that go unreported). However, a weakness is that these surveys rely on self-reporting, which may lead to inaccuracies due to memory recall or misinterpretation of events.

Self-report surveys are used to collect data on individuals' criminal behaviors, obtaining information directly from offenders. One strength is that this approach provides insight into the motivations and contexts of criminal behavior. Nonetheless, a weakness is that some individuals may underreport or exaggerate their criminal actions due to social desirability bias (Hindelang, 1976).

Among these methods, victimization surveys may be the best approach, as they uncover hidden crime data and provide a fuller picture of crime in society. This method allows researchers to gather data directly from individuals who have experienced crime, successfully addressing gaps left by official statistics.

3. Ways to Lessen the Dark Figure of Crime

The "dark figure of crime" refers to unreported and unrecorded crimes, which are typically missing from official crime statistics. To reduce this dark figure, two approaches can be implemented.

First, enhancing community awareness and education about crime reporting can play a crucial role. Many individuals may not report crimes due to a lack of trust in law enforcement or uncertainty regarding the reporting process. Hosting community workshops and outreach programs can increase awareness regarding the importance of reporting crime and alleviate fears regarding disclosures to authorities. These initiatives can build trust and encourage victims to come forward (Tyler, 1990).

Second, making the reporting process more accessible and anonymous can significantly decrease the dark figure of crime. Online reporting tools or anonymous hotlines can provide victims a safe space to report crimes without fear of retribution. Ensuring that individuals feel secure in their anonymity can encourage higher reporting rates (Hindelang, 1976).

4. New Method for Collecting Crime Data

Given the discussions in the previous sections, a novel method for collecting crime data incorporates a hybrid approach utilizing technology and community partnerships. This method would involve developing a secure, user-friendly crime reporting app that would allow individuals to report crimes anonymously in real-time. The app could provide users with resources, information about local support services, and the ability to connect with community advocates.

To ensure the effectiveness of this application, collaboration with local law enforcement, community organizations, and victim advocacy groups is essential. This partnership can help create a reporting infrastructure that is not only safe and respectful, but also ensures that reported data contribute to local crime analysis and prevention strategies.

In addition to real-time reporting, the app could also incorporate educational resources that inform users about their rights and the importance of reporting crime. Ultimately, this approach fosters a community-centered environment where individuals feel empowered to report crimes securely while contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of crime.

References

• Becker, H. S. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. Free Press.
• Durkheim, E. (1893). The Division of Labor in Society. Free Press.
• Hindelang, M. J. (1976). The Validity of Self-Reported Criminals. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 67(1), 15-24.
• Quinney, R. (1970). Class, State, and Crime. New York: Longmans.
• Tyler, T. R. (1990). Why People Obey the Law. Yale University Press.
• National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). (2022). U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics.
• Uniform Crime Reports (UCR). (2021). Federal Bureau of Investigation.
• Shaw, C. R., & McKay, H. D. (1942). Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. University of Chicago Press.
• Sutherland, E. H. (1949). Principles of Criminology. J.B. Lippincott Company.
• Chambliss, W. J. (1964). Crime and the Legal Process. New York: McGraw-Hill.