Discussion 2: Cultural Factors And Disaster Risk Recall

Discussion 2: Cultural Factors and Disaster Risk Recall from the week’s Introduction that similar disasters may have dissimilar impacts in other countries. Why is this so? For one, developed countries usually have sturdier structures that better protect occupants but are significantly more expensive to rebuild. As mentioned, some countries might have similar building codes, but the codes are poorly enforced. In some cases inspectors are even paid off to approve an inspection. Sociologists and anthropologists have noticed that a disproportionate number of women died in the 2005 Indonesian tsunami due in part to various cultural factors. Many men commuted inland to work while women stayed home, close to the shore. In the Indonesian culture it is considered improper for women to wear swimsuits; thus, learning to swim may not have been an option. Even if the women did know how to swim, the traditional dress worn by many women may have severely restricted their movement in the water. For this Discussion, select a country (not the United States) and examine cultural factors that might impact risks associated with disasters. Then consider how these factors could be integrated into a mitigation and preparedness system for that country. With these thoughts in mind: Post a brief description of the country you selected. Then explain how cultural factors in that country might contribute to increased risks associated with a disaster. Finally, explain how you, as an emergency manager, might integrate this information into a mitigation and preparedness system for that country. Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources and the current literature.

Paper For Above instruction

The nation of Japan stands as a compelling example for analyzing the impact of cultural factors on disaster risk and how these factors can influence mitigation and preparedness initiatives. Japan, an island nation situated in the Pacific "Ring of Fire," is highly susceptible to natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and typhoons. With a population of approximately 125 million, Japan's geographic location and cultural practices significantly shape its disaster risk profile and response strategies.

Culturally, Japan is characterized by deep-rooted respect for community harmony, strict social etiquette, and a strong sense of collective responsibility. These cultural traits foster high levels of social cohesion, which can be advantageous during disasters, as communities are more inclined to work together effectively. However, cultural practices also present unique challenges. For example, traditional Japanese dress, such as kimono or yukata, can hinder rapid evacuation in a disaster scenario, especially for the elderly or those with mobility issues. Additionally, societal emphasis on politeness and stigma associated with seeking emergency assistance may delay individuals from asking for help or evacuating promptly.

Another cultural aspect that influences disaster risk is Japan's societal attitude towards risk perception and the importance of preparedness. Although Japanese society values disaster preparedness—evident in widespread participation in drills and adherence to evacuation protocols—there can be a level of fatalism rooted in cultural perceptions of nature’s power. This may lead some individuals to underestimate personal risk, thereby decreasing the urgency to take proactive measures. Conversely, the societal respect for authority and government directives often results in compliance with official evacuation orders during crises.

Integrating cultural factors into Japan’s mitigation and preparedness systems involves multiple strategies. As an emergency manager, fostering community-based preparedness programs that leverage cultural values is vital. For Japan, this could mean enhancing community drills that incorporate traditional practices and local customs, thus increasing engagement and effectiveness. Additionally, developing culturally sensitive communication strategies—such as using local dialects and culturally resonant messaging—can improve public compliance with early warning systems. Recognizing the importance of social cohesion, authorities might also involve community leaders and elders in planning and dissemination efforts to ensure messages resonate across different demographic groups.

Furthermore, addressing potential cultural barriers, such as stigma or gender-specific concerns, is essential. For instance, targeted campaigns could encourage women and the elderly to participate fully in evacuation drills and familiarize themselves with emergency procedures, considering gender sensitivities and physical limitations. Utilizing Japan’s advanced technological infrastructure—such as earthquake early warning systems, mobile alerts, and community radio—should be complemented with culturally tailored messaging to maximize reach and impact. Ultimately, integrating cultural understanding into disaster risk reduction strategies enhances community resilience and ensures that mitigation and preparedness efforts are both effective and respectful of local customs.

References

• Sylves, R. (2015). Disaster policy and politics: Emergency management and homeland security (2nd ed.). CQ Press.
• United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). (2015). Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.
• Fujikura, R. (2013). Cultural Aspects of Disaster Preparedness in Japan. Journal of Emergency Management, 11(2), 107-114.
• Japan Meteorological Agency. (2020). Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System. https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/index.html
• Oulahen, G., & Wilson, K. (2013). Gender, disaster, and resilience in Japan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 4(2), 119-129.
• Karasuyama, M. (2019). Traditional Japanese Disaster Preparedness Practices. Disaster Management Journal, 25(3), 45-53.
• Yamamoto, T. (2017). Cultural influences on disaster response: A case study of Japanese communities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 23, 191-197.
• Cabinet Office of Japan. (2018). National Disaster Prevention Plan. https://www.bousai.go.jp/
• Takeda, T. (2014). Gender and Disaster Preparedness in Japan: Cultural Perspectives. Asian Journal of Social Science, 42(1-2), 150-167.
• United Nations. (2019). Building Resilience: Cultural Considerations in Disaster Management. https://www.un.org/disasterresilience