Discussion Assignment 7: Answer Each Of The Following Questi

Discussionassignment 7answer Each Of The Following Questions You Mus

Determine if the following are true statements and explain your reasoning:

• 1. If log (x+5) = 2, then x+5= e^2
• 2. The domain of the function f(x)= log₅x is the set of all positive real numbers
• 3. For any b greater than 1 , we have log_b5/log_b3=5/3

Answer each of the following questions. You must provide detailed work illustrating how you arrived at your solution. Submit your answers to the drop box. Your work may be attached as a Word Document or a PDF File.

1. Condense the following into a single logarithmic expression: 3log(x +1) + 5log(9 x +1) - log(x+1)
2. $52,000 is invested in an account at interest rate r = 5.1%, compounded continuously. Find the time required for the amount to double. (Approximate the result to two decimal places.)
3. The populations P (in thousands) of Carson, Nevada from 2000 through 2007 can be modeled by P(t) = 346e^kt where t represents the year, with t=0 corresponding to 2001. In 2007, the population was about 395,000. According to the model, during what year will the population reach 480,000?
4. Carbon dating presumes that, as long as a plant or animal is alive, the proportion of its carbon that is 14 C is constant. The amount of 14 C in an object made from harvested plants, like paper, will decline exponentially according to the equation: A = A₀ e^-0.000111t, where A represents the amount of 14 C, A₀ in living organisms, and t is the time in years since harvesting. If an archaeological artifact has 55% as much 14 C as a living organism, how old would you predict it to be? Round to the nearest year.

Paper For Above instruction

The set of questions presented covers fundamental concepts in logarithms, exponential growth, and decay models, as well as investment calculations. In this paper, I will demonstrate detailed solutions to each question to illustrate the underlying principles and methodologies.

1. Verifying Logarithmic Statement

The statement "If log(x+5) = 2, then x+5 = e^2" involves the properties of logarithms and exponentials. Recognizing that logarithm base e (natural logarithm) and exponential functions are inverse functions, we can analyze the statement as follows:

If log(x+5) = 2, then by definition of the natural logarithm, (x+5) = e². Therefore, the statement is true because taking the exponential of both sides restores the original argument of the logarithm. This fundamental property is expressed mathematically as:

log_e(x+5) = 2 ⇒ x+5 = e²

Hence, the statement is valid, and the reasoning holds.

2. Domain of Logarithmic Function

The function f(x) = log₅x involves a logarithm with base 5. The domain of the logarithmic function is the set of all x such that the argument of the logarithm, here x, is positive. Since a logarithm is undefined for zero or negative inputs, the domain is:

Domain: {x ∈ ℝ | x > 0}

This restriction is standard for all logarithmic functions, regardless of the base, as logarithms are only defined for positive real numbers.

3. Logarithmic Identity with Different Bases

The statement "For any b > 1, log_b5 / log_b3 = 5/3" is an exploration of change-of-base properties. According to the change-of-base formula:

log_b5 = ln 5 / ln b, and similarly, log_b3 = ln 3 / ln b.

Thus, the ratio becomes:

log_b5 / log_b3 = (ln 5 / ln b) / (ln 3 / ln b) = ln 5 / ln 3,

which is a constant independent of b. Numerically, ln 5 / ln 3 ≈ 1.6094 / 1.0986 ≈ 1.464. As this is approximately 1.464, not 5/3, which equals approximately 1.6667, the statement is false. Therefore, the ratio does not equal 5/3 in general. It only equals 5/3 under specific conditions, not for all b.

4. Condensing Logarithmic Expressions

Given the expression 3log(x +1) + 5log(9 x +1) - log(x+1), we use logarithmic properties:

• n log(a) = log(aⁿ)
• log a + log b = log (ab)
• log a - log b = log (a/b)

Applying these systematically:

3log(x+1) = log((x+1)³)

5log(9x+1) = log((9x+1)⁵)

- log(x+1) remains as is.

Combine the terms:

log((x+1)³) + log((9x+1)⁵) - log(x+1)

= log([(x+1)³ * (9x+1)⁵] / (x+1))

Since dividing by (x+1) is equivalent to subtracting log(x+1), which is log(x+1)

we get:

log(((x+1)³ / (x+1)) (9x+1)⁵) = log((x+1)² (9x+1)⁵)

This is the condensed logarithmic expression: log[(x+1)^2 * (9x+1)^5].

5. Doubling Investment with Continuous Compounding

Using the formula for continuous compound interest:

A = P e^rt

Initial amount P = $52,000; desired final amount A = 2 * 52,000 = $104,000; r = 0.051 (5.1%).

Set up the equation:

104,000 = 52,000 e^{0.051 t}

Divide both sides by 52,000:

2 = e^{0.051 t}

Take natural logarithm of both sides:

ln 2 = 0.051 t

Solve for t:

t = ln 2 / 0.051 ≈ 0.6931 / 0.051 ≈ 13.59 years

Thus, approximately 13.59 years are needed for the investment to double.

6. Population Growth Modeling

The model P(t) = 346 e^kt describes the population in thousands, with t = 0 corresponding to 2001. Given that in 2007 (t=6), population ≈ 395,000, we can determine k:

395 = 346 e^6k

Divide both sides by 346:

1.14277 = e^6k

Take natural logarithm:

ln 1.14277 = 6k

k = ln 1.14277 / 6 ≈ 0.1337 / 6 ≈ 0.0223

Using the model, to find when P(t) = 480,000 (or 480 in thousands):

480 = 346 e^{0.0223 t}

Divide by 346:

1.387 = e^{0.0223 t}

Take ln:

ln 1.387 = 0.0223 t

t = ln 1.387 / 0.0223 ≈ 0.327 / 0.0223 ≈ 14.66 years

Since t=0^ corresponds to 2001, the year when the population reaches 480,000 is:

2001 + 14.66 ≈ 2015.66, approximately mid-2015.

7. Carbon Dating Calculation

The decay equation A = A₀ e^{-0.000111 t} relates to how much 14 C remains. If the artifact retains 55% of the original amount:

0.55 A₀ = A₀ e^{-0.000111 t}

Divide both sides by A₀:

0.55 = e^{-0.000111 t}

Take natural log:

ln 0.55 = -0.000111 t

Calculate ln 0.55 ≈ -0.5978

Solve for t:

t = - ln 0.55 / 0.000111 ≈ 0.5978 / 0.000111 ≈ 5389 years

Rounded to the nearest year, the artifact is approximately 5390 years old.

Conclusion

These solutions demonstrate the application of logarithmic properties, exponential models, and practical calculations in finance, population dynamics, and archaeological dating. Mastery of these concepts is essential for solving a wide array of real-world mathematical problems, illustrating their significance in diverse fields.

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