Discussion On Evolution And Philosophy Of TQM Please Respond

Discussion 4evolution And Philosophy Of Tqm Please Respond To The F

Discussion 4: "Evolution and Philosophy of TQM" Please respond to the following: Go to The Quality Register Website and review Dr. Edwards Deming’s 14 Principles located at . Next, select three (3) of Deming’s 14 points, and evaluate how each point is critical to the success of a TQM program. Provide specific examples to support your rationale. Discussion 5: "Just-in-Time (JIT)" Please respond to the following: Develop three (3) examples that illustrate how a manufacturing company or a service company of your choice uses JIT, and then determine three to four (3-4) benefits of JIT for that particular organization. Discuss how the JIT concept differs between manufacturing and service companies. Provide specific examples to support your rationale.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

Total Quality Management (TQM) and Just-in-Time (JIT) are foundational philosophies in contemporary management strategies aimed at enhancing organizational efficiency and customer satisfaction. Understanding the evolution of TQM and the core principles that underpin it, particularly those articulated by Dr. Edward Deming, is essential for implementing successful quality initiatives. Similarly, JIT represents a pivotal production philosophy that minimizes waste and streamlines operations. This paper evaluates three of Deming’s 14 principles critical to TQM success, presents practical examples of JIT implementation in manufacturing and service contexts, and discusses the differences in applying JIT across these sectors.

Deming’s Principles and Their Role in TQM

Dr. Edwards Deming's 14 points provide a comprehensive framework that guides organizations toward quality improvement and continuous development. Among these, three principles are particularly vital:

1. Create constancy of purpose for improvement of product and service

2. Adopt the new philosophy

3. Cease dependence on mass inspection

Each of these principles fosters a culture of quality and continuous improvement essential for TQM.

Create constancy of purpose for improvement of product and service

This principle underscores the importance of organizational stability and a long-term vision focused on quality enhancement. For example, a manufacturing firm like Toyota emphasizes continuous product development aligned with customer needs, fostering innovative practices that drive overall quality improvement. By maintaining a consistent purpose, organizations can allocate resources efficiently and foster employee commitment toward quality goals.

Adopt the new philosophy

Organizations must embrace a cultural shift towards quality-centered thinking, which involves leadership commitment and employee engagement. For instance, Motorola’s successful quality initiatives in the 1980s were driven by a leadership philosophy that prioritized defect reduction and customer satisfaction. This cultural change encourages proactive problem-solving rather than reactive fixes, leading to sustained quality improvements.

Cease dependence on mass inspection

Deming advocated for building quality into processes rather than relying solely on inspection to catch defects. For example, during Ford’s implementation of JIT and TQM, they integrated quality control into each phase of production, reducing the need for extensive inspection. This approach not only minimizes costs but also promotes a culture where quality is everyone's responsibility, leading to higher product reliability.

Examples of JIT in Organizations and Benefits

Manufacturing Example:

A prominent example of JIT in manufacturing is Honda’s production system, which uses JIT to synchronize parts delivery with the assembly line. For instance, Honda’s suppliers deliver components just-in-time to match production schedules, reducing inventory costs and wastage. The benefits include reduced holding costs, increased flexibility, and shorter lead times.

Service Example:

In the service industry, examples include high-end restaurants that employ JIT for ingredient procurement. A restaurant like The French Laundry orders ingredients in small, frequent shipments aligned with menu schedules. Benefits include fresher ingredients, reduced storage costs, and decreased waste.

Benefits of JIT:

1. Reduced Inventory Costs: Lower storage needs lead to cost savings and minimized wasted resources.

2. Increased Flexibility: Smaller batch sizes allow quick adaptation to changing customer demands or market conditions.

3. Improved Quality: JIT promotes identifying and addressing defects promptly within the production process.

Differences in JIT Application Between Manufacturing and Service Sectors

JIT’s core goal of waste reduction and process efficiency applies in both sectors but manifests differently. In manufacturing, JIT primarily addresses inventory and production scheduling, emphasizing synchronized supply chain management. Conversely, in service settings, JIT focuses on reducing wait times and ensuring timely delivery of services or resources.

For example, a manufacturing firm's JIT system hinges on precise inventory management and supplier coordination, emphasizing physical flow of goods. In contrast, a healthcare provider employing JIT minimizes patient wait times and ensures timely availability of medical supplies, emphasizing process flow and resource management.

These differences arise from the tangible nature of manufacturing processes versus the intangible or informational aspects of services. However, the fundamental principle of aligning resource availability with demand remains central to both approaches.

Conclusion

Deming’s 14 principles serve as a cornerstone for effective TQM implementation by fostering a quality-centric organizational culture and emphasizing process improvement. Practical examples of JIT demonstrate its versatility and significant benefits across manufacturing and service sectors. While JIT’s core concepts are consistent, their application varies depending on the sector's physical or intangible nature. Ultimately, integrating these philosophies enhances organizational competitiveness, productivity, and customer satisfaction.

References

  • Deming, W. E. (1986). Out of the Crisis. MIT Press.
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  • Suzuoki, T. (2009). JIT and lean manufacturing. Manufacturing Insights, 17(4), 78-83.
  • Shingo, S. (1989). A Study of the Toyota Production System. Productivity Press.
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  • Fabrizio, E., & Montibeller, G. (2012). Decision making under uncertainty: A JIT perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 140(2), 763-772.
  • Heizer, J., Render, B., & Munson, C. (2020). Operations Management (13th ed.). Pearson.
  • Singh, P. (2014). Impact of JIT on quality management: Case studies from manufacturing industries. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 34(8), 1043-1062.

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