Do Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercises Affect Glyco

Do Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercises Affect Glyco

Research Question: Do moderate-intensity aerobic exercises affect glycosylated hemoglobin among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy? PICOT Question: Among type 2 diabetes mellitus elderly patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, how does moderate-intensity aerobic exercise compared to standard care affect glycemic control within 8 weeks?

Current Study: Dixit, S., Maiya, A., & Shastry, B. A. (2017). Effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on glycosylated hemoglobin among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes & peripheral neuropathy. The Indian journal of medical research, 145(1), 129.

Paper For Above instruction

Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes, is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is a significant global health issue, especially among elderly populations, who are more vulnerable to the disease's complications. Among elderly patients, managing blood glucose levels effectively is essential in preventing complications such as peripheral neuropathy, which can significantly impair quality of life. Recent research has focused on non-pharmacological interventions, notably moderate-intensity aerobic exercises, as potential adjunct therapies for better glycemic control.

This paper explores the impact of moderate-intensity aerobic exercises on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. HbA1c provides a reliable measure of average blood glucose levels over the preceding 2-3 months, serving as a critical indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of diabetes management strategies. The core research question investigates whether incorporating such exercises can lead to meaningful improvements in glycemic control in this vulnerable population, comparing interventions with standard care over an 8-week period.

Relevance of the Research Question

The research question is pertinent in light of the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes among the elderly, exacerbated by sedentary lifestyles and age-related physiological changes. With the increasing burden of diabetic complications, exploring feasible, cost-effective, and sustainable interventions like aerobic exercises is vital. The existing literature supports the hypothesis that physical activity enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, thereby reducing HbA1c levels.

Review of Literature

The classic study by Dixit et al. (2017) demonstrated that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise significantly reduced HbA1c levels among elderly patients with peripheral neuropathy, suggesting its therapeutic potential. Similarly, Chao et al. (2018) highlighted that Tai Chi, a gentle form of aerobic exercise, effectively lowered blood sugar levels and improved functional capacity in type 2 diabetic patients. Cai et al. (2017) associated regular exercise with enhanced quality of life and better glycemic control, emphasizing the importance of sustained physical activity as an adjunct to medical management.

Other studies underpin the importance of structured exercise programs. Harrison et al. (2016) documented that consistent aerobic activity improved glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes, supporting the broader use of exercise in various diabetic populations. These findings collectively affirm that moderate aerobic exercises are beneficial in managing hyperglycemia and reducing HbA1c, especially among elderly individuals who might face barriers to intensive physical activity.

Comparison of Study Populations

The current study sample involved 87 elderly diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy, observed over 8 weeks to assess the impact of aerobic exercise on HbA1c. This relatively moderate sample size provided adequate power to detect clinical changes attributable to the intervention. Larger studies, such as Cai et al. (2017), incorporated thousands of participants, strengthening the generalizability of their findings, whereas Harrison et al. (2016) focused on specific subgroups like pregnant women, emphasizing the broad applicability of exercise across diverse populations.

Limitations in Existing Literature

Several limitations persist within the body of research on exercise and glycemic control. Dixit et al. (2017) acknowledged that the variability in exercise protocols and participant adherence could influence outcomes. Cai et al. (2017) pointed out insufficient data regarding the long-term effects of sustained exercise on glycemic measures. Additionally, some studies identify challenges related to motivation, comorbidities, and physical barriers in elderly populations that might limit full participation in aerobic activities.

Implications and Future Directions

The findings indicate that moderate-intensity aerobic exercises are a promising adjunct in managing hyperglycemia among elderly diabetics with peripheral neuropathy. Healthcare providers should consider integrating personalized exercise programs into standard care, with adaptations to individual capacity and comorbid conditions. Future research should focus on longer-duration studies, exploring the sustainability of glycemic improvements and the most effective types and intensities of aerobic activities for specific subgroups.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the reviewed literature and current findings underscore the beneficial role of moderate-intensity aerobic exercises in reducing HbA1c levels among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. These non-pharmacological interventions promote better glycemic control, potentially decreasing the risk of complications and enhancing quality of life. An interdisciplinary approach that combines medication, nutritional counseling, and tailored exercise regimens offers the most effective strategy for managing diabetes in the aging population.

References

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