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Do you believe people with a high degree of optimism, mastery, coherence, resilience, or related personality traits may have some protection against the harmful effects of stress on health? Explain your answer. 150 words What are common sources of stress found in the workplace? What are some ways to reduce workplace stress? Explain your answers.

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Individuals exhibiting high levels of traits such as optimism, mastery, coherence, and resilience tend to have better coping mechanisms when confronted with stress, which in turn can protect their health. Optimism fosters a positive outlook, enabling individuals to view challenges as opportunities rather than threats, thereby reducing stress-induced physiological effects. Resilience and mastery are associated with a sense of control and confidence, promoting adaptive responses instead of maladaptive ones like anxiety or depression. The sense of coherence—understanding, managing, and finding meaning in stressors—further prevents stress from escalating into health problems. Research indicates that these traits are linked to lower levels of cortisol, a stress hormone that impacts immune functioning and cardiovascular health (Kobasa, 1979; Antonovsky, 1987). Therefore, fostering such personality traits may serve as a psychological buffer, mitigating stress’s damaging impact on physical health and improving overall well-being.

Workplace stress arises from multiple sources, including heavy workloads, tight deadlines, role ambiguity, lack of autonomy, and poor interpersonal relationships. Excessive workload can lead to fatigue and burnout, impairing overall health and productivity. Role ambiguity or unclear expectations create uncertainty, heightening anxiety among employees. A lack of control over work tasks diminishes perceived mastery, exacerbating stress levels. Interpersonal conflicts and inadequate support from colleagues or supervisors contribute significantly to emotional distress. To mitigate these stressors, organizations can implement strategies such as promoting open communication, providing employee autonomy, offering stress management programs, and ensuring reasonable workload distribution. Encouraging a positive work environment, recognizing employee efforts, and fostering teamwork can further reduce workplace stress. Effective stress reduction improves employee health, job satisfaction, and organizational performance, illustrating the importance of proactive measures in occupational settings (Cooper & Dewe, 2008; Maslach et al., 2001).

References

• Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well. Jossey-Bass.
• Cooper, C. L., & Dewe, P. J. (2008). Well-being and work: Toward a balanced approach. In Handbook of work and health psychology (pp. 15–34). Wiley.
• Kobasa, S. C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(1), 1–11.
• Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422.