During Week 4 Discussion: Select One Or More Of The Followin

During Wk4 Discussion Select One Or More Of The Following Questions T

During week 4 discussion, select one or more of the following questions to answer as the instructor question: 1) List and briefly describe the 7 domains of nursing practice as outlined by Benner's Novice to Expert nursing theory. 2) Differentiate the definition of health concept in King's Goal Attainment theory versus Watson's Theory of Human Caring. 3) List the 6 concepts of Pender's Health Belief Model.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

Nursing theories provide a foundation for professional practice, guiding nurses in their roles, responsibilities, and interactions with patients. Various theoretical frameworks help in understanding patient care, health promotion, and the development of nursing expertise. This paper addresses three core questions regarding pivotal nursing theories: Benner's Novice to Expert theory, King's Goal Attainment theory and Watson's Theory of Human Caring, and Pender's Health Belief Model. By exploring these models, we can appreciate the diverse approaches nursing professionals use to enhance patient outcomes and maintain professional development.

Seven Domains of Nursing Practice as Per Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory

Patricia Benner's Novice to Expert theory articulates how nurses develop their skills and clinical judgment over time, progressing through five stages. Each stage encompasses specific competencies across seven key domains of nursing practice, which serve as benchmarks for growth and proficiency.

The seven domains include:

1. Helping Role: Encompasses assisting patients physically, emotionally, and psychologically, fostering trust and rapport. It involves demonstration of compassion, empathy, and effective communication.

2. Teaching-Coaching: Focuses on educating patients about health conditions, treatments, and health-promoting behaviors. It requires the nurse to assess learning needs and tailor information accordingly.

3. Diagnostic and patient monitoring: Involves recognizing clinical signs and symptoms, interpreting data, and making informed judgments about patient status.

4. Effective Management of rapidly changing situations: Entails prioritizing care, delegating tasks, and organizing resources efficiently to ensure safe patient outcomes.

5. Administering and monitoring interventions: Pertains to executing nursing interventions accurately while observing for responses and complications.

6. Monitoring and Ensuring Quality and Use of Resources: Includes maintaining standards of care, using equipment appropriately, and managing supplies effectively.

7. Teaching and Coaching (Overlap with another domain): Reinforces patient education and health promotion as integral to comprehensive care.

Benner emphasizes that as nurses transition from novice to expert, their proficiency in these domains improves, allowing for intuitive, nuanced decision-making that enhances patient care quality.

Differentiating the Concept of Health in King's Goal Attainment Theory Versus Watson's Human Caring Theory

The concept of health varies significantly across nursing theories, reflecting differing philosophical perspectives.

King’s Goal Attainment Theory views health as a dynamic process rooted in mutual goal setting and interpersonal interactions between nurse and patient. In this framework, health is considered a process where individuals achieve their personal health goals through collaborative efforts. It emphasizes the importance of communication, perception, and shared decision-making, highlighting that health is not merely the absence of disease but an active pursuit of well-being within the context of personal goals. The theory regards health as a social and psychological process, emphasizing goal achievement as central to optimal health.

Watson’s Human Caring Theory, on the other hand, conceptualizes health as harmony and balance within the mind, body, and spirit. Watson’s perspective centers on caring as a moral ideal and a fundamental aspect of nursing. Health is not solely the absence of illness but encompasses the overall harmony of human functioning, facilitated through caring interactions that promote healing at physical, emotional, and spiritual levels. Watson emphasizes the importance of genuine human connection, love, and caring moments, asserting that health is achieved when harmony is restored between the person and their environment through intentional caring.

Comparison:

- Focus: King's theory emphasizes goal attainment through interpersonal interaction, whereas Watson’s theory emphasizes the holistic process of caring to foster harmony.

- View of health: King sees health as inner harmony tied to goal achievement; Watson sees health as balance and harmony restored through caring.

- Approach: King's approach is goal-oriented, while Watson's approach is value-based centered on caring practices.

Both perspectives underscore patient-centered care but differ in their emphasis on interpersonal goals versus spiritual and emotional harmony.

The Six Concepts of Pender’s Health Belief Model

Pender’s Health Promotion Model is designed to explain and predict health-promoting behaviors. It emphasizes the influence of individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and behavioral outcomes.

The six core concepts include:

1. Individual Characteristics and Experiences: Personal factors such as age, gender, socio-economic status, and past experiences influence health behaviors.

2. Behavior-Specific Cognitions and Affect: Includes perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect, and interpersonal and situational influences.

3. Perceived Benefits of Action: Belief that a particular health behavior will lead to positive outcomes.

4. Perceived Barriers to Action: Personal or environmental obstacles that impede health behavior change.

5. Perceived Self-Efficacy: Confidence in one's ability to perform health-promoting behaviors.

6. Activity-Related Affect: Feelings experienced during or after performing a health behavior, influencing future actions.

By understanding these concepts, nurses can develop effective interventions tailored to individual perceptions, thereby promoting sustainable health behavior changes.

Conclusion

The diverse frameworks discussed showcase the multifaceted nature of nursing understanding and practice. Benner’s domains depict the progression of clinical expertise across key areas of practice, emphasizing growth and skill development. Comparing King’s and Watson’s views highlights the importance of interpersonal goals and holistic caring in promoting health, illustrating the depth of philosophical foundations underlying nursing care. Pender’s model offers insight into the cognitive and emotional factors influencing health behaviors, serving as a practical guide for health promotion strategies. Collectively, these theories enrich nursing practice by integrating the development of clinical skills, holistic caring, and health behavior change, ultimately fostering improved patient experiences and outcomes.

References

• Benner, P. (1984). From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice. Prentice-Hall.
• King, I. M. (1981). A theory for nursing: Systems, concepts, process. John Wiley & Sons.
• Watson, J. (2008). Nursing: The philosophy and science of caring (Revised edition). University Press of Colorado.
• Pender, N. J. (2011). Health promotion model manual. Self-published.
• Alligood, M. R. (2014). Nursing theorists and their work (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders.
• Fawcett, J. (2005). Analysis and evaluation of contemporary nursing theories. F.A. Davis Company.
• Sitzman, K., & Eichelberger, L. (2019). Leadership and management in nursing (9th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
• Merleau-Ponty, M. (2012). Phenomenology of perception. Routledge.
• Travelbee, J. (1971). Interpersonal aspects of nursing. F. A. Davis Company.
• Pender, N. J., Murdaugh, C. L., & Parsons, M. A. (2011). Health promotion in nursing practice. Pearson.