Ethics Of Vaccination

Ethics Vaccination

Ethics Vaccination

ETHICS VACCINATION 2 Ethics- Vaccination Jenna Jensen Capella University NHS-FPX4000 Johnette Simmons August 13, 2020 Ethics- Vaccinate or Not? Case This case involves two parents, Jenna and Smith, of Ana, a five-year-old baby who stands out to resist vaccination of their baby whom they had decided to raise naturally. However, Dr. Kerr is encompassed to execute her obligation as a medical practitioner. Still, the parents' personal beliefs, which she is bound to consider, hinder her from performing the duties.

Dr. Kerr educative section to Jenna and Smith is not satisfactory to them, and they still uphold their decision not to vaccinate their baby. However, Dr. Kerr must ensure the safety and autonomy of her patients based on ethical principles. She is stranded on the decision to take and still morally binding to her profession's requirement and the client's demands.

Therefore, from the case study description, the ethical dilemma lies in the medical practitioner's hands-on whether to vaccinate the child. Additionally, the victims of the challenge are Ana and Dr. Kerr, in that Ana's life or well-being is at stake, and the Kerr's responsibility to make a moral decision is at her hand. Through the ethical decision-making model, a medical practitioner has the moral awareness to ensure the most rightful decision is achieved regarding the underlying challenging situation. First, an ethical medical practitioner should stand to ensure the client's autonomy or independence on the decision made on them.

The medical practitioner is therefore encompassed to respect the choices that parents make on their child, and consequently, she has no moral authority to decline their decisions. However, she also has a responsibility to ensure maximum benefit is achieved on their client's regarding the decision they intend to make. Therefore, Dr. Kerr must establish a decision that optimally seeks to improve Ana's health and still respecting the parents' autonomy. Additionally, under the moral awareness concept, the medical practitioner should ensure the least or no harm occurs on their clients due to their decision.

Therefore, Dr. Kerr has to provide the decision taken has to avoid risks or minimize risks entirely. Also, Kerr has a responsibility to promote justice by making a fair decision and ensure equality on the decision to be made regarding other members of society. Through moral awareness, the medical practitioner has to make a moral judgment based on the evaluation's insights. Therefore, from Kerr's cognitive bias and individual differences with Ana's parents and the organizational culture, she will make a judgment that best suits the scenario.

Therefore, from these evaluations, Dr. Kerr will make a decision or make a decision that best depicts an ethical behavior by doing the right thing. Factors Contributing to the Ethical Problem Ethics guides individuals to act in a manner that is considered to be right and as well directs them to understand the wrong. Therefore, any decision made is based on several factors that lead to ethical dilemmas or challenges. Thus, the moral problem presented in this is contributed by individual and social factors.

The individual factors cause an ethical problem based on an individual's information regarding a subject, their personal goals, personal view on morals, and personality (Leung & Ho, 2020). Therefore, the primary cause of the ethical problem, in this case, is the individual factors. The particular values held by Ana's parents contribute to the moral issue in that they hinder the medical practitioner from making a defined decision regarding the situation. Jenna's and Smith's argument is based on values that they want to naturally raise their child, contrary to Kerr's point of view. Smith's conservative personality constitutes the individual character contributing to the dilemma situation.

Additionally, ethical decisions can be affected by social factors such as friends, families, cultural norms, and social media, or the internet. Notably, the internet has played a critical role in the cause of the underlying ethical problem in the case. Smith's judgment is based on an online mommy's blog from which it states vaccination has a significant contribution to autism, claims that Dr. Kerr despises. Therefore, the internet is a leading social factor in this scenario.

Effectiveness of Communication Communication between medical practitioners and others (medics and patients) should target promote a balance between two parties and therefore, should focus on disseminating maximum information to make decisions effectively. The health professional effectively communicated in the case since she ensured that the client has detailed information regarding an argument presented. Additionally, the practitioner used verbal communication through an interactive approach to thoroughly clarifying the necessary information relating to the case's claims. The medical practitioner, in this case, communicated expertly in various instances. First, she gave the parents ample time to explain their understanding of the vaccination process, indicating effective communication through active listening skills.

Additionally, upon listening to the client's, Dr. Kerr communicated effectively by clarifying through clear and concise feedback to create rapport. She extensively explained the benefits of vaccination for the children and the threats for not taking the vaccinations. Additionally, she emphasized on the safety procedures on vaccination by providing additional reliable medical sources that can be used to obtain information rather than following misleading blogs. In communication, the purpose should be relaying information to the appropriate audience.

Therefore, various communication approaches should be used and avoided in this scenario. First, informative communication approaches should be used to make ideas, dangers, and measures familiar to the victims of the situation and secondly, the educative communication approach should be used to explain the pathological process's strengths and make clarifications. Additionally, persuasive communication approaches should be used to convince or change attitudes or behavior that is risky in medical field operations. However, prompting the communication approach should be avoided since it draws people's attention through entertainment methods that can be ignored or not take seriously implicating the process.

Effective communication promotes a positive connection between two conflicting ideas and provides a suitable solution for a problem being studied. On the other hand, ineffective communication escalates conflicts, frustration, and confusion, leading to low morale in daily operations. Effectiveness of the Approaches In response to the ethical issue, the medical practitioner took an initiative to educate the less-informed parent and provided evidence by referring them to a productive site where adequate information regarding the vaccination can be obtained. The medical practitioner effectively managed the professional responsibilities and priorities to solve the medical issue by recognizing her duty to respect the parents' autonomy and standing to make a decision that optimally benefits the child in the case.

Additionally, the health professionals' critical lesson, in this case, is that they have a responsibility to ensure the safety of their clients while considering their level of autonomy and stand for justice for the other parties. Therefore, they are bound to respect the professional, individual, and legal responsibility of the underlying conditions. Solution for the Ethical Dilemma From the evaluation of the case, the medical practitioner should vaccinate the kid to ensure maximum benefit and minimal harm. Using the four critical ethical principles, the medical practitioner recognizes that vaccinating the kid outweighs the threats placed by her parents. The beneficence principle states that an ethical decision should seek to promote a maximum benefit to the patient (Hubbard & Greenblum, 2019).

Therefore, any decision made should be purposely to place the victim in a better position than she is. From the case study, the doctor postulates that the children are prone to chronic diseases that later would cause even death, and by vaccinating, there are increased chances for not contracting the diseases. Therefore, the benefits attained by the patient for vaccinating supersedes autonomy principle. Additionally, based on the non-maleficence principle, the doctor's decision should do the least harm (Steyn & Edge, 2019). Therefore, Dr. Kerr targets to solve threats and do no harm, justifying the decision to vaccinate. Also, considering the justice principle, the medical decision should depict an element of fairness and uphold existing laws to provide a just resolution to the parties and promote equality (Steyn & Edge, 2019). The subject in the case is just five years with no information on future threats of her parents; there, it would be fair for the medical practitioner to vaccinate her for future mitigation of health challenges rather than considering the parents' decisions. This decision makes the doctor's profession more effective with other disciplines by focusing on their sole role of mitigating problems, saving lives, and promoting an enabling environment for future generations.

Thus, this solution is likely to foster professional collaboration by building cohesion, setting team goals, communicating organizational expectations regarding current and future safety of their clients, and leveraging team strengthening to attain collaborative decisions. References Hubbard, R., & Greenblum, J. (2019). Parental decision making: The best interest principle, child autonomy, and reasonableness. HEC Forum , 31 (3), . Leung, T. C., & Ho, J. C. (2020). Social responsibility and ethics in health care. Primary Care Revisited , . Steyn, E., & Edge, J. (2019). Ethical considerations in global surgery. British Journal of Surgery , 106 (2), e17-e19. Exhibit 1 Exhibit 1: US Commercial Product Line Sales Product Line U.S. 2011 Sales GM Percent U.S. 2011 Gross Margin U.S. 2102 Forecasted Sales U.S. 1st Half 2012 Forecasted Sales U.S.1st Half 2012 Actual Sales New England District 2011 Sales Product Cardio $ 84,870,% $ 34,796,700 $ 96,751,800 $ 43,538,310 $ 43,449,600 $ 3,009,051 Strength $ 46,125,% $ 14,298,750 $ 50,737,500 $ 24,354,000 $ 22,450,000 $ 2,581,354 Technology $ 35,055,% $ 13,320,900 $ 40,313,250 $ 20,156,625 $ 21,984,300 $ 2,211,506 Small Exercise Equipment $ 18,450,% $ 5,904,000 $ 19,557,000 $ 7,822,800 $ 9,905,269 $ 1,681,389 Total $ 184,500,% $ 68,320,350 $ 207,359,550 $ 95,871,735 $ 97,789,169 $ 9,483,300 Exhibit 3 Exhibit 3: 2011 Commercial Sales by Individual - New England District Product Ellis Barrow Hammond Foster Gibbons Concetta Avery Total Cardio $ 716,937 $ 409,679 $ 531,065 $ 469,423 $ 398,299 $ 324,329 $ 159,319 $ 3,009,051 Strength $ 418,214 $ 580,378 $ 379,332 $ 412,524 $ 411,575 $ 213,374 $ 165,958 $ 2,581,354 Technology $ 617,363 $ 204,839 $ 348,985 $ 398,299 $ 318,639 $ 170,699 $ 152,681 $ 2,211,506 Small Exercise Equipment $ 238,979 $ 512,098 $ 257,946 $ 142,250 $ 199,149 $ 145,094 $ 185,873 $ 1,681,389 Total $ 1,991,493 $ 1,706,994 $ 1,517,328 $ 1,422,495 $ 1,327,662 $ 853,497 $ 663,831 $ 9,483,300 Exhibit 4 Exhibit 4: Individual Sales Performance - New England District, 2011 Salesperson 2011 Sales % of District 2012 District H1 Sales % of District 2011 Active Accounts 2011 Calls per year Ellis $ 1,991,% $ 896,% Barrow $ 1,706,% $ 819,% ,370 Hammond $ 1,517,% $ 728,% ,400 Foster $ 1,422,% $ 568,% Gibbons $ 1,327,% $ 597,% Concetta $ 853,% $ 460,% Avery $ 663,% $ 385,% ,158 TOTAL $ 9,483,300 $ 4,456,,,435 Active accounts placed orders within the past year Exhibit 5 Exhibit 5 - Individual Compensation and Expenses, New England District, 2011 Salesperson Salary Commissions Total Compensation Expenses Total Compensation and Expenses Ellis $ 93,753 $ 76,707 $ 170,460 $ 14,800 $ 185,260 Barrow $ 57,630 $ 55,370 $ 113,000 $ 23,900 $ 168,586 Hammond $ 54,808 $ 50,592 $ 105,400 $ 17,918 $ 135,290 Foster $ 48,807 $ 46,893 $ 95,700 $ 27,753 $ 123,453 Gibbons $ 48,600 $ 32,400 $ 81,000 $ 10,500 $ 91,500 Concetta $ 32,960 $ 31,040 $ 64,000 $ 31,700 $ 95,700 Avery $ 30,274 $ 27,946 $ 58,220 $ 29,400 $ 87,620 Total $ 366,832 $ 320,948 $ 687,780 $ 155,971 $ 843,751 Exhibit 6 Exhibit 6: Description of Assigned Territories - New England District Salesperson State Area Covered # of Potential Accts Commercial Buying Power Index Estimated Regional Population (000) Land Area Ellis MA Boston suburbs: Northern/Western/Southwestern .27 3,,700 Barrow CT Entire state .80 2,,543 Hammond MA City of Boston & South Shore .8 4, Foster NH Entire state .97 1,,350 Gibbons MA/RI Eastern MA/Rhode Island .63 1,,817 Concetta MA/VT Western Part MA, Entire State of VT .08 1,,212 Avery ME Entire state .,385 Total 3,.,,207 Average per sales person .07 2,,601 Sales Growth US, Reg, District StepSmart U.S.

Commercial Sales History US Region District 2009 $ 149,628,483 $ 58,886,424 $ 8,369, $ 164,292,075 $ 66,188,341 $ 8,954, $ 184,500,000 $ 73,800,000 $ 9,483,300 Buying Power Index Territory Buying Power Actual % of 2011 Sales Ellis Boston suburbs 1.27 1.08% Barrow CT 1.8 1.08% Hammond City of Boston 0.8 0.82% Foster NH 0.97 0.77% Gibbons Eastern MA and RI 0.63 0.72% Concetta VT and Western MA 1.08 0.46% Avery ME 0.94 0.36% TOTAL 7.49 5.29% TN - 3 TN - 3: INPUT PERFORMANCE MEASURES Number of Calls 2011 # Potential Accounts Calls Per # of Potential Accounts Ellis .97 Barrow 1,.66 Hammond 1,.60 Foster .90 Gibbons .12 Concetta .37 Avery 1,.07 Total 7,.27 Average 1,.53 TN-4 TN-4: Output Performance Measures Total Sales Gross Margin Gross Margin% Active Accouts Ellis $1,991,493 $734,.9% 215 Barrow $1,706,994 $589,.5% 275 Hammond $1,517,328 $550,.3% 230 Foser $1,422,495 $517,.4% 230 Gibbons $1,327,662 $475,.8% 140 Concetta $853,497 $310,.4% 210 Avery $663,831 $234,.3% 304 Total $9,483,300 $3,412,.0% 1604 Average $1,354,757 $487,.0% 229 TN-5 TN-5: Output Adjusted for Expenses Total Expense Total Sales Expense as % of Sales Gross Margin Expenses Net Margin Calls $/Sales Call Ellis $185,260 $1,991,.30% $734,662 $185,260 $549, $2,399 Barrow $136,900 $1,706,.02% $589,596 $136,900 $452, $1,246 Hammond $123,318 $1,517,.13% $550,487 $123,318 $427, $1,084 Foster $123,453 $1,422,.68% $517,219 $123,453 $393, $1,577 Gibbons $91,500 $1,327,.89% $475,701 $91,500 $384, $1,390 Concetta $95,700 $853,.21% $310,417 $95,700 $214, $1,041 Avery $87,620 $663,.20% $234,266 $87,620 $146, $573 Total $843,751 $9,483,.90% $3,412,347 $843,751 $2,568, $1,275 Average $120,536 $1,354,.90% $487,478 $120,536 $366, $1,276 TN-6 TN-6: Output Adjusted for Territory Actual Sales Territory Revenue Goal (using BPI as basis for calculation) % of BPI Territory Revenue Goal Achieved % Active Accounts in Territory Actual Sales $ per Number of Potential Accounts Actual Sales $ per Number of Active Accounts Ellis $ 1,991,493 $ 2,343,% 51% $ 4,730 $ 9,263 Barrow $ 1,706,994 $ 3,321,% 53% $ 3,315 $ 6,207 Hammond $ 1,517,328 $ 1,476,% 92% $ 6,069 $ 6,597 Foster $ 1,422,495 $ 1,789,% 48% $ 2,995 $ 6,185 Gibbons $ 1,327,662 $ 1,162,% 31% $ 2,950 $ 9,483 Concetta $ 853,497 $ 1,992,% 35% $ 1,422 $ 4,064 Avery $ 663,831 $ 1,734,% 54% $ 1,185 $ 2,184 Total $ 9,483,300 $ 13,819,% Average $ 1,354,757 $ 1,974,% 52% $ 3,238 $ 6,283 TN-7 TN-7: Territory/Account Description Territory Revenue Goal (using BPI as basis for calculation) BPI Revenue Goal Per Potential Account Number of Potential Accounts per 10 Square Miles B