Explain And Evaluate This Debate And Its Importance For Unde

Explain and evaluate this debate and its importance for understanding the person and work of Jesus Christ from a biblical perspective

In the 20th century, Christology became a central focus within theological discourse, driven by various methodological approaches that sought to understand the person and work of Jesus Christ. Millard Erickson’s analysis in "Contemporary Issues in Christological Method" highlights several key perspectives, notably the "quest of the historical Jesus," "Christology from below," "Christology from above," and his own "alternative approach." Each perspective offers a different pathway to understanding Christ’s identity and mission from a biblical standpoint.

The "quest of the historical Jesus" aimed to uncover the historical Jesus through critical historical research, often emphasizing Jesus as a Jewish prophet or moral teacher separated from later doctrinal developments (Erickson, 2013). This approach sought empirical authenticity but often faced criticism for neglecting the theological and divine aspects of Jesus' identity.

Conversely, "Christology from below" begins with the human experience of Jesus, emphasizing his incarnation and humanity, then develops upward to establish his divinity. This approach prioritizes the exegetical analysis of biblical texts concerning Jesus' life and mission (Erickson, 2013). By focusing on Jesus' earthly ministry, it underscores the biblical witness of Jesus as the Savior rooted in historical reality.

"Christology from above" starts with doctrinal affirmations about Christ’s divine nature—such as the pre-existence of the Word—and then interprets biblical evidence through this lens. It emphasizes the theological doctrines formed in early church creeds and councils, reflecting an ontological focus on Christ's divine identity and eternal nature (Erickson, 2013).

Erickson proposes an "alternative approach" that balances these perspectives by integrating biblical, historical, and theological insights. He argues that a comprehensive Christology must acknowledge Jesus' humanity and divinity as revealed in Scripture, avoiding reductionism or overly speculative doctrines. This approach maintains fidelity to biblical texts while engaging modern historical and philosophical methods, promoting a more holistic understanding of Christ’s person and work.

This debate is vital for biblical theology as it shapes how Christians understand the nature of Christ—whether emphasizing his humanity, divinity, or the unity of both. Recognizing Jesus as fully divine and fully human, as biblical texts affirm (John 1:14; Colossians 2:9), is essential for orthodox Christology. Each approach contributes uniquely; the historical quest uncovers Jesus’ earthly ministry, while the doctrinal emphasis affirms his divine status, and Erickson’s integrative method seeks to harmonize these insights.

Thus, the significance of this debate lies in its influence on theological reflection and doctrinal formulations. It challenges believers and theologians alike to approach Christ’s person with rigor, ensuring their understanding remains rooted in biblical revelation while engaging critically with historical and philosophical developments.

References

• Erickson, M. J. (2013). Christian Theology (3rd ed.). Baker Academic.