Final Exam: Bibliography, Outlines, Delivery, Persuasion Qui ✓ Solved
Final Exam: Bibliography, Outlines, Delivery, Persuasion Que
Final Exam: Bibliography, Outlines, Delivery, Persuasion Questions
Final Exam Name: ____________________________
1. T F Bibliography is a list of all the sources used in preparing a speech.
2. T F Speaking outline is a brief outline used to jog a speaker’s memory during the presentation of a speech.
3. T F Inclusive language is language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors.
4. An extemporaneous speech is:
A. A speech that is written word for word and read to the audience.
B. A speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation.
C. A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.
D. Presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed.
5. T F Vocalized pause is a pause that occurs when a speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as 'uh', 'er', and 'um.'
6. T F Vocal variety are changes in a speaker’s rate, pitch, and conversational quality that give the voice variety and expressiveness.
7. T F Eye contact is the indirect visual contact with the eyes of another person during a speech.
8. T F Ethos is the name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility.
9. T F An informative speech is a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding.
10. T F Comparison is a statement of the differences among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.
11. T F Contrast is a statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.
12. T F Persuasion is the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people’s beliefs or actions.
13. T F A persuasive speech in which the speaker’s goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of a policy is a speech to gain immediate action.
14. T F A persuasive speech in which the speaker’s goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy is a speech to gain passive agreement.
15. Monroe’s motivated sequence is a method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. Which of the following is not one of the five steps of a motivated sequence?
A. Attention
B. Theory
C. Need
D. Satisfaction
E. Visualization
F. Action
16. T F Credibility is the audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.
17. T F The two major factors influencing a speaker’s credibility are competence and appearance.
18. T F Bandwagon is a truism that assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.
19. The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communications refer to as emotional appeal is:
A. Logos
B. Ethos
C. Pathos
D. Nachos
20. T F A hasty generalization is reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second.
Paper For Above Instructions
Introduction: This paper answers the twenty exam items on bibliography, outlines, delivery, and persuasion by providing clear True/False responses, selecting correct multiple-choice options, and offering concise explanations grounded in communication scholarship. Each item is answered with a short rationale and appropriate citation to authoritative public speaking sources.
1. True. A bibliography is a compiled list of sources consulted or cited when preparing a speech or written work (Lucas, 2019).
2. True. A speaking outline (or keyword outline) is a condensed version of a full outline used to jog the speaker’s memory during presentation (Beebe & Beebe, 2018).
3. True. Inclusive language avoids stereotyping or marginalizing groups and promotes respectful communication (American Psychological Association, 2020).
4. C. Correct — An extemporaneous speech is carefully prepared and rehearsed but delivered from brief notes rather than read verbatim; it balances preparation and spontaneity (Lucas, 2019; Duarte, 2010).
5. True. A vocalized pause occurs when a speaker fills silence with sounds such as “uh,” “um,” or “er,” which can detract from clarity if overused (Gallo, 2014).
6. True. Vocal variety—changes in rate, pitch, volume, and tone—adds expressiveness and retains audience interest (Lucas, 2019).
7. False. Eye contact is direct visual contact between speaker and audience members; the phrase “indirect visual contact” is incorrect. Effective direct eye contact builds connection and credibility (Mehrabian, 1971; Beebe & Beebe, 2018).
8. True. Ethos is the Aristotelian term for the speaker’s perceived credibility—one of the three classical appeals (ethos, pathos, logos) (Aristotle, trans. 2004).
9. True. An informative speech’s primary purpose is to convey knowledge, explain concepts, or increase understanding without advocating a specific action (Beebe & Beebe, 2018).
10. False. Comparison typically highlights similarities between two or more items; stating that comparison indicates differences is incorrect. Properly, comparison = similarities (Hargie, 2011).
11. False. Contrast highlights differences; claiming contrast denotes similarities is reversed. Contrast = differences (Hargie, 2011).
12. True. Persuasion aims to create, reinforce, or change beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors through communication (Lucas, 2019; Beebe & Beebe, 2018).
13. False. The definition given actually describes a speech to gain passive agreement (seek belief without immediate action). A speech to gain immediate action specifically encourages the audience to act now (Lucas, 2019).
14. False. The statement reverses terms: convincing an audience to take action equates to a speech to gain immediate action, not passive agreement (Lucas, 2019).
15. B. Theory is not one of Monroe’s five steps. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence includes Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, and Action—so “Theory” is the correct choice for the item that is not a step (Monroe, 1935; Beebe & Beebe, 2018).
16. True. Credibility is the audience’s perception of the speaker’s qualifications to address a topic; perception here is key (Aristotle, trans. 2004; Lucas, 2019).
17. False. While competence is a major factor, the other central component is character or trustworthiness (ethos), often described as competence and character/goodwill rather than competence and appearance (Aristotle, trans. 2004; Lucas, 2019).
18. True. The bandwagon fallacy assumes that popularity justifies correctness or desirability; it is a common persuasive fallacy to avoid (Toulmin; critical thinking literature) (Hargie, 2011).
19. C. Pathos. Aristotle’s term for emotional appeal is pathos; logos refers to logical appeal and ethos to credibility (Aristotle, trans. 2004).
20. False. A hasty generalization is drawing a broad conclusion from inadequate evidence or a small sample; the described reasoning (comparing two similar cases to infer similarity) more closely describes an analogy or faulty comparison rather than hasty generalization (critical thinking texts) (Beebe & Beebe, 2018).
Conclusion: The answers above reflect standard definitions and distinctions from contemporary public speaking and rhetorical scholarship. Key concepts—bibliography, speaking outlines, vocal variety, eye contact, Aristotle’s appeals, Monroe’s Motivated Sequence, and logical fallacies—are foundational for effective speeches. Proper use of inclusive language, credible evidence, and ethically organized persuasive structure enhances both clarity and effectiveness (APA, 2020; Lucas, 2019).
References
- Aristotle. (2004). Rhetoric (W. Rhys Roberts, Trans.). Dover Publications. (Original work)
- Beebe, S. A., & Beebe, S. J. (2018). Public Speaking Handbook (6th ed.). Pearson.
- Lucas, S. E. (2019). The Art of Public Speaking (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
- American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). APA.
- Duarte, N. (2010). Resonate: Present Visual Stories that Transform Audiences. Wiley.
- Gallo, C. (2014). Talk Like TED: The 9 Public-Speaking Secrets of the World's Top Minds. St. Martin's Press.
- Hargie, O. (2011). Skilled Interpersonal Communication: Research, Theory and Practice (5th ed.). Routledge.
- Mehrabian, A. (1971). Silent Messages. Wadsworth.
- Monroe, A. H. (1935). The Motivated Sequence. (Classic formulation in rhetorical pedagogy.)
- United Nations. (2019). Guidelines for Inclusive Language. United Nations Publications.