Final Exam World History Exams Are To Be Submitted

Final Exam World History 020exams Are To Be Submitted Via Ilearn No

Final Exam World History 020exams Are To Be Submitted Via Ilearn No

FINAL EXAM – WORLD HISTORY 020 Exams are to be submitted via iLearn no latter than 11:00 AM on Monday, th March16 .Formatting:Pleasesubmityourexamasasinglefilewith12- point font, 1†margins, and double-spacing. Be certain to include your TA’s name on your document heading. Part I. Cumulative Essay [50 points]. Please respond to ONE of the two prompts listed below in a 2.5 - 3 page essay.

Be certain to integrate at least FIVE key terms from the course lectures into your answer: 1. Please explain the significance of national self- determination in relation to Imperialism, World War I, and processes of Decolonization. Be sure to provide at least three distinct geographic examples in your response. 2. What international organizations arose in response to World War I, and what organizations, moreover, emerged in response to World War II?

How effective were these organizations at achieving their stated / charter enshrined objectives? Part II. Second Essay [50 points]. Please write a second short essay of 2.5 – 3 pages responding to the prompt below. As with the cumulative essay, be certain to integrate at least FIVE key terms from the course: Using three specific geographic examples from lecture, write an essay that explores Cold War tensions between the USSR and the United States.

How did these tensions – in terms of ideology, logistics, and war – extend beyond the borders of the concerned superpowers? Extra Credit (for a total of 2 points): What are Chakrabarty’s four theses? Each correct identification will be awarded 1â„2 a point.

Paper For Above instruction

The final examination for World History 020 requires a comprehensive and analytical response to two major prompts, emphasizing key historical concepts and geographic examples. The first essay focuses on the significance of national self-determination across three transformative periods and regions, while the second assesses the emergence and efficacy of international organizations post-World War I and II. Additionally, students have the opportunity for extra credit by identifying Chakrabarty’s four theses. This paper will explore these prompts, integrating critical course terminology and spatial context to demonstrate an understanding of global historical developments.

Understanding the Significance of National Self-Determination

National self-determination emerged as a central principle in shaping modern geopolitics, especially during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its significance lies in the assertion that peoples have the right to determine their own political status and pursue their economic, social, and cultural development free from external domination. This concept gained prominence with the decline of imperial powers and the rise of nationalist movements, ultimately fueling decolonization, reshaping borders, and influencing international relations.

During the period surrounding World War I, the principle of self-determination was notably promoted by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, as encapsulated in his Fourteen Points. Wilson's advocacy aimed to establish a more just and peaceful international order by allowing oppressed nations to reclaim sovereignty. For example, in Eastern Europe, the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire led to the emergence of independent states like Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, both of which were rooted in nationalist aspirations for self-rule. Similarly, in Africa, the decline of European imperial dominance ignited local struggles for independence, as seen in the rise of nationalist movements in Algeria and Kenya. These examples underscore the geographic breadth of self-determination's influence across continents.

International Organizations and Their Efficacy

Following the devastation of World War I, organizations such as the League of Nations were established with the aim of maintaining peace and preventing future conflicts. Despite good intentions, the League proved ineffective largely due to its inability to enforce decisions or prevent aggressive actions by states like Japan and Italy in the 1930s. Its failure to prevent the onset of World War II highlighted the limitations of purely diplomatic bodies without the means for enforcement.

In the aftermath of World War II, new international organizations emerged to promote stability and security, most notably the United Nations. The UN was designed with greater authority and broader membership, featuring specialized agencies aimed at fostering diplomacy, human rights, and economic development. While the UN made notable contributions to peacekeeping and humanitarian efforts, it often faced challenges in resolving conflicts such as the Korean War and the Arab-Israeli disputes. Its effectiveness remains a subject of debate, with successes tempered by instances of veto power abuse by permanent Security Council members.

Cold War Tensions and Geographical Examples

The Cold War period saw intense ideological rivalry between the USSR and the United States, extending beyond their borders into regions like Southeast Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. In Southeast Asia, Vietnam became a battleground for Cold War proxy conflicts, with the guerrilla warfare in Vietnam reflecting broader ideological struggles between communism and capitalism. Latin America experienced U.S.-backed interventions in countries such as Guatemala, illustrating efforts to curb Soviet influence in the Western Hemisphere. Meanwhile, the Middle East was a site of Cold War competition, exemplified by the Suez Crisis and the Arab-Israeli conflicts, where superpower rivalries influenced regional politics and conflicts.

These regional examples demonstrate how Cold War tensions infiltrated local conflicts, shaped foreign policies, and triggered military interventions. The ideological divide fostered logistics and arms races, such as nuclear proliferation, which directly impacted global stability. Moreover, efforts like NATO and the Warsaw Pact formalized the division, further extending the superpower rivalry across continents.

Extra Credit: Chakrabarty’s Four Theses

1. Historical creativity, where societies invent new ways of understanding and shaping their histories.
2. Multiple modernities, emphasizing that modernization does not follow a single linear path but varies across cultures.
3. Subaltern studies, highlighting marginalized groups’ roles in history beyond dominant narratives.
4. The importance of locality within global histories, asserting that local contexts significantly influence broader historical processes.

In conclusion, the interconnectedness of global history becomes evident through the principles of self-determination, the responses of international organizations, and the regional impacts of Cold War tensions. Understanding these intersections facilitates a nuanced appreciation of the intricate processes that have shaped the modern world.

References

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• Alesina, A., & Weder, B. (2002). Do Corrupt Governments Receive Less Foreign Aid? American Economic Review, 92(4), 1126-1137.
• Clark, I. (2016). The End of Czechoslovakia: The Collapse of a State, 1938–1992. Routledge.
• Hobsbawm, E. (1994). The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914–1991. Michael Joseph.
• Leffler, M. P. (2017). History and Strategy: Reflections on the Past, Lessons for the Future. Princeton University Press.
• Manela, E. (2007). The Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism. Oxford University Press.
• Matthews, J. (2009). The International Politics of the Middle East. Routledge.
• Owen, J. M. (2010). The Real History of World War II: A New Look at the Causes, the Battles, and the Aftermath. Simon & Schuster.
• Van Der Pijl, K. (2018). The Making of an Atlantic Ruling Class. Pluto Press.
• Zelikow, P., & Keohane, R. (1997). The UN Security Council and the Future of Multilateralism. International Organization, 51(4), 753–772.