For Part II Find Δh Reaction In KJ/Mol Of NaOH Using QMCs

For Part Ii Find Δhrxn In Units Of Kjmol Of Naoh Using Q Mcsδt

For Part II, find ΔHrxn (in units of kJ/mol of NaOH) using q = mCsΔT. Recall, that you measured the change in the temperature of the entire system in the calorimeter, so be careful what value you use for “m” (big hint: assume the combined solution has a density of 1 g/mL and use the combined volumes of the two solutions to calculate the mass of the combined solution). Use Cs for water (4.184 J/g°C). The above equation allows you to find q. But in order to find ΔHrxn (in units of kJ/mol of NaOH) you must divide q by the total number of moles of NaOH you used (you know the volume of NaOH, and the molarity, from the experiment). You must also divide by 1000 to report as KJ/mol rather than J.

Paper For Above instruction

The calculation of enthalpy change (ΔHrxn) for the reaction involving sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in an calorimetric experiment revolves around accurately determining the heat exchanged during the process and normalizing it per mole of NaOH used. This process entails multiple steps, beginning with the measurement of temperature change and the subsequent calculation of heat absorbed or released (q), followed by normalization based on the number of moles of NaOH involved in the reaction.

The fundamental principle used is the calorimetric equation: q = mCsΔT, where m is the mass of the solution, Cs is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the temperature change observed during the experiment. Since the heat capacity of the entire solution is considered, it is critical to determine the total mass of the solution accurately. Given the assumption that the solution has a density of 1 g/mL, the mass (m) can be straightforwardly calculated by summing the volumes of the solutions used and multiplying by 1 g/mL. For example, if the combined volume of the solutions is V mL, then m = V grams.

The specific heat capacity (Cs) for water is a known constant, 4.184 J/g°C, which simplifies the calculation of q. As the temperature of the solution changes from an initial temperature to a final temperature (ΔT), this change is measured with a thermometer during the experiment. By substituting the measured ΔT and calculated mass m into the equation, q is obtained in joules (J).

Once the heat (q) is calculated, converting it into the enthalpy change (ΔHrxn) requires normalization per mole of NaOH involved — a known quantity from the experiment. The molar amount of NaOH can be obtained from the volume of NaOH added and its molarity, using the relationship: moles of NaOH = volume (mL) × molarity (mol/mL). This value is essential because it allows us to express ΔHrxn in terms of kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).

The final step involves dividing the computed q (in joules) by 1000 to convert it into kilojoules, and then dividing by the total moles of NaOH to yield ΔHrxn in units of kJ/mol. This normalization provides a standardized measure of enthalpy change per mole of NaOH, facilitating comparison across different experimental conditions and with literature values.

In conclusion, through precise measurement of temperature change, accurate knowledge of solution volumes, and correct calculation of moles of NaOH, the enthalpy change of the reaction can be reliably determined in kilojoules per mole. This process exemplifies the practical application of calorimetry principles in thermodynamic studies, enabling insights into the energy changes associated with chemical reactions.

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