For This Assignment, Discuss The Following: What Are The Two

For This Assignment Discuss The Following1 What Are The Two Main Cat

For this assignment discuss the following: 1. What are the two main categories that biometric characteristics get classified in? Write the 2 categories and explain each category with 5 lines each, Citations Must. What are the differences in these two categories? Write the differences with 5 points each, Citations Must. List and discuss three biometric devices: list 3 biometric devices and explain about each of them in 5 lines. Citations Must. Assignment Requirements Please provide and discuss the above. Each question should have at least one paragraph. Each paragraph must have at least four complete sentences. You also need to respond to at least two (2) classmates' posts (100-word each). There should be no personal pronouns in your initial discussion post. Your initial post is due by Wednesday before 11:59 pm. You should have a minimum of three credible in-text citations (not at the end of your paragraphs). All requirements must be met, and proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation must be correct. Please also ensure you use the Discussion Board Header; you can find this template in the Getting Started folder. No contractions should be used, or any conjunctions at the beginning of a sentence. Failure to follow each instruction will negatively affect your grades.

Paper For Above instruction

Biometric characteristics are classified into two primary categories: physiological and behavioral. Physiological biometrics are based on physical traits unique to individuals, such as fingerprint patterns, facial structure, iris configurations, vein patterns, and DNA. These characteristics are typically stable over time, making them reliable for identification purposes. Physiological biometrics are often used in security systems where physical traits are difficult to alter or forge, ensuring high accuracy in user authentication. Their application ranges from access control to law enforcement, emphasizing their importance in identity verification processes (Jain, Ross, & Prabhakar, 2004).

Behavioral biometrics, on the other hand, focus on the behavioral traits that are distinctive to an individual's actions or routines. These include keystroke dynamics, voice patterns, gait, signature dynamics, and other behavioral signatures. Behavioral characteristics are more variable over time, as they can be influenced by emotional state, health conditions, or environmental factors. Despite their variability, behavioral biometrics are valuable because they can provide continuous authentication during ongoing interactions. They are increasingly integrated into fraud detection systems and layered security protocols for dynamic authentication purposes (Li et al., 2013).

Differences in the Two Categories

• Stability over time: Physiological traits tend to remain consistent throughout an individual’s life, whereas behavioral traits may change due to circumstances or aging.
• Ease of forgery: Physical biometric traits are generally harder to duplicate or forge compared to behavioral traits, which can sometimes be mimicked or manipulated.
• Application scope: Physiological biometrics are often used in initial identity verification, while behavioral biometrics are suitable for continuous authentication during user interaction.
• Data collection method: Physiological features are collected through physical scans or imaging, whereas behavioral traits are captured through activity patterns or interaction logs.
• Security vulnerability: Physiological biometrics are less susceptible to spoofing, whereas behavioral biometrics can sometimes be deceived with imitation or environmental noise.

Biometric Devices

1. Fingerprint Scanner: This device captures the ridges and valleys on an individual's fingerprint. It uses optical, capacitive, or ultrasonic technology to generate a digital image of the fingerprint for matching against stored templates. Fingerprint scanners are widely used in access control, mobile phones, and border security due to their high accuracy and ease of use (Maltoni et al., 2009). The technology offers a quick and reliable method for biometric authentication, with minimal user discomfort.
2. Facial Recognition System: This device analyzes facial features through images or video feeds to identify or verify a person's identity. It employs algorithms that examine key facial landmarks, such as the distance between the eyes, nose shape, and jawline. Facial recognition is used in surveillance, border control, and unlocking devices like smartphones. Advances in artificial intelligence have improved the accuracy and speed of facial recognition systems, making them more viable for real-time applications (Zhao et al., 2003).
3. Iris Scanner: This device captures the unique patterns in the iris using near-infrared imaging technology. Iris scanners are highly precise because iris patterns are stable over a person's lifetime and difficult to imitate. They are used in high-security environments, such as government facilities and airports, for rapid and reliable identification. Iris recognition technology offers a high degree of accuracy with a low false acceptance rate, making it a preferred choice for critical security applications (Daugman, 2004).

References

• Daugman, J. (2004). How iris recognition works. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 14(1), 21-30.
• Jain, A. K., Ross, A., & Prabhakar, S. (2004). An Introduction to Biometric Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Circuit and Systems for Video Technology, 14(1), 4-20.
• Li, C., & Jain, A. K. (2013). Handbook of Multibiometric Systems. Springer Science & Business Media.
• Maltoni, D., Maio, D., Jain, A., & Prabhakar, S. (2009). Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition. Springer Science & Business Media.
• Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Rosenfeld, A., & Kumar, P. (2003). Face recognition: A literature survey. ACM Computing Surveys, 35(4), 399-458.