For Tom Chomlea: Discuss At Least Two Steps You Could Take

For Tom Chomlea Onlydiscuss At Least Two 2 Steps You Could Take To

For Tom Chomlea only, discuss at least two steps you could take to protect yourself from giving a false confession to the crime. Chapter 10 describes four goals that motivate people to be prejudiced. Provide at least one original example of a prejudice behavior that is motivated by at least two of the goals described in the chapter. Imagine the following scenario. Your good friends have been married for several years and are currently having trouble in their relationship.

1. Describe at least three pieces of advice that you would give to the couple. 2. Provide at least one supporting theory for each piece of advice. Imagine that you have approval from the university's human subject board to use deception in an experiment to study bystander intervention. Briefly describe the experimental procedure you would use to test whether a participant is more likely to help when he or she is alone compared to being in a group.

Paper For Above instruction

Protecting oneself from false confessions is critical in the criminal justice system to prevent wrongful convictions and safeguard individual rights. Two key steps can be instrumental in this regard: ensuring the interrogation process adheres to strict legal standards and implementing technological support during interrogations.

First, adherence to legal standards is paramount. Law enforcement agencies should be required to follow documented protocols that limit coercive tactics and mandate recording of interrogations. For instance, video recording all interactions ensures transparency and accountability, providing tangible evidence that can differentiate voluntary confessions from coerced or false ones. Studies have shown that recordings reduce the likelihood of wrongful confessions, as they deter aggressive interrogation practices and provide objective records (Kassin et al., 2010). Moreover, legal safeguards such as informing suspects of their rights and ensuring access to legal counsel before and during interrogations further protect against false confessions, aligning with the principles of due process (Leo, 2011).

Second, technological innovation offers promising safeguards. The use of neuroimaging tools, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has been explored as a method to verify the truthfulness of confessions (Ganis, 2015). Although not yet foolproof or admissible in all courts, such technology can assist law enforcement by providing additional evidence of deception or truthfulness when combined with traditional methods. Additionally, the deployment of voice stress analysis or automated lie detection software can serve as supplementary tools, alerting investigators to discrepancies or signs of stress that may indicate false confessions (Vrij et al., 2010). Implementing these technological measures, alongside rigorous procedural safeguards, can significantly reduce the risk of eliciting false confessions.

Chapter 10 discusses four goals that motivate prejudice: self-enhancement, need for control, social identity, and cognitive consistency. An original example of prejudice motivated by two goals could be a workplace bias where an employee believes a co-worker is untrustworthy because of perceived threats to their social identity and a need for control. The employee might dismiss the co-worker's ideas or contributions, believing that undermining them maintains their dominance and preserves their perceived social status in the office (social identity goal). Simultaneously, the employee might experience discomfort with uncertainty and thus irrationally prejudge the co-worker to reinforce their own sense of control and stability in the workplace (need for control goal).

Regarding advice for a couple experiencing relationship problems, the first piece of advice is to improve communication by actively listening to each other's concerns without judgment. Effective communication fosters understanding and empathy. The supporting theory here is the Gottman Method, which emphasizes the importance of respectful dialogue and emotional attunement to build trust and resolve conflicts (Gottman & Silver, 2015).

The second piece of advice is to practice empathy and validate each other's feelings. Empathy allows partners to connect on a deeper level and feel understood, reducing hostility and defensiveness. Carl Rogers’ humanistic theory supports this approach, asserting that genuine understanding and acceptance facilitate emotional healing and improve relationships (Rogers, 1961).

The third recommendation is to seek couple’s therapy if issues persist. Professional intervention provides a neutral platform for exploring underlying problems and developing effective coping strategies. According to the Systemic Theory of therapy, external mediation helps couples reframe their problems and establish healthier patterns of interaction (Minuchin, 1974).

Finally, in studying bystander intervention, the experimental procedure would involve recruiting participants and randomly assigning them to either a solo condition or a group condition. In the solo condition, a participant witnesses an emergency situation alone and is observed to see if they choose to help. In the group condition, several participants are present, and their responses are recorded. To introduce deception, participants could be told that the experiment investigates attention or reaction times, not helping behavior. An actor would simulate an emergency, such as a person appearing to collapse or experience a medical episode. The independent variable is the presence or absence of other bystanders, and the dependent variable is whether the participant intervenes. Data analysis would compare helping rates between the two conditions, testing the hypothesis that individuals are more likely to help when they are alone than when they are in a group (Darley & Latané, 1968).

References

• Ganis, G. (2015). Neuroimaging and lie detection: Scientific and legal issues. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(4), 253–259.
• Gottman, J., & Silver, N. (2015). The seven principles for making marriage work. Harmony Books.
• Kassin, S. M., et al. (2010). Police-induced confessions: Risk factors and recommendations. Law and Human Behavior, 34(4), 271–283.
• Leo, R. A. (2011). False confessions: Causes, consequences, and implications. Journal of Law and Policy, 39(1), 137–148.
• Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Harvard University Press.
• Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist's view of psychotherapy. Houghton Mifflin.
• Vrij, A., et al. (2010). A review of the research on speech and body language cues to deception. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 43(3), 273–301.
• Chapter 10 of the course textbook on prejudice motivation. (Authors and publication details would be added here accordingly.)
• Darley, J. M., & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8(4), 377–383.