Foundations Of Human Development Worksheet BSHS 325 Version

Foundations Of Human Development Worksheetbshs325 Version 11universit

Write the key features, listed below, into the correct life stage of development and most significantly affected age range. In your own words, provide an explanation of the term and how it affects the developmental stage. An example is provided for reference. For the purposes of this assignment, field marked “N/A” do not need to be completed. Teratogens Attachment ADHD Temperament Preoperational Thought Period In-Vitro Fertilization Conservation Self-Concept Refined motor skills Zygote Positive Reinforcement Sensorimotor Period Mobility Biological Development Psychological or Cognitive Development Social Development Conception and Pre-birth Example: Teratogens are substances, including drugs, that cause malformations in the fetus (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010, p.54).

For example, the text states that teratogens are certain drugs that affect biological development by causing malformations of body parts and organs. Newborn children of drug addicts, for example, experience potential developmental problems such as low birth weight, muscle tremors, and birth defects (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010, p.54).

Paper For Above instruction

Human development is a complex process influenced by numerous biological, psychological, and social factors. Understanding the key features that define different developmental stages and how specific factors influence these stages is essential for professionals working in health, education, and social services. This paper aims to categorize various developmental features into the appropriate life stages—conception, infancy, childhood—and explain their significance, along with the most affected age ranges.

Conception and Pre-birth

Zygote: The zygote is the initial cell formed when sperm fertilizes an ovum during conception. It is characterized by rapid cell division and marks the beginning of human development. The zygote's health and genetic makeup influence early biological development, and factors like genetics and teratogens can significantly impact this stage. The most affected age range is pre-birth, encompassing conception to implantation.

In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF): IVF is an assisted reproductive technology that involves fertilizing an egg outside the womb and implanting it into the uterus. This process is used by individuals facing fertility challenges. It influences biological and psychological development by enabling conception when natural methods fail. IVF pertains to the conception stage, primarily affecting pre-birth development.

Teratogens: Substances like drugs or chemicals that cause developmental malformations in the fetus. Teratogens impact biological development by potentially causing physical anomalies, intellectual disabilities, or other health issues. Exposure during crucial periods, such as embryo formation, can result in serious outcomes. Teratogens affect the conception and pre-birth stages.

Infancy

Refined motor skills: These are complex movements acquired during infancy, such as grasping, crawling, and walking. Developing refined motor skills is essential for exploring the environment and fostering cognitive development. This stage, typically from birth to two years, sees rapid improvements in physical coordination.

Self-Concept: The awareness an infant begins to develop about themselves as separate from others. It influences psychological development as the child learns to distinguish self from external stimuli, affecting social interactions later. Self-concept starts forming during infancy as infants develop body awareness and recognition.

Attachment: The emotional bond formed between an infant and caregiver which is critical for social and emotional development. Secure attachment promotes confidence and trust, while insecurity can lead to developmental challenges. Infancy is the most significant period for attachment formation, impacting emotional regulation across life.

Biological Development: During infancy, rapid growth occurs in the brain and body. Neural connections are formed, and physical growth milestones are achieved. This biological maturation lays the foundation for future cognitive and emotional capabilities.

Childhood

Preoperational Thought Period: This cognitive stage, spanning approximately ages 2 to 7, is marked by the development of language, imagination, and symbolic thinking. However, children in this stage often display egocentrism and struggle with understanding other perspectives.

Conservation: The understanding that quantity remains the same despite physical changes in appearance. This cognitive concept develops during preoperational thought, influencing logical reasoning and problem-solving skills. It signifies a significant milestone in cognitive development during childhood.

Attachment: Continues to influence social relationships and self-understanding. During childhood, attachment patterns become more complex as children form friendships and social skills develop.

Psychological or Cognitive Development: This broad category includes language acquisition, memory, problem-solving, and reasoning skills that improve throughout childhood, supported by biological maturation and environmental interactions.

Summary and Significance

The various features of human development are interlinked and influence each other across different stages. For instance, early attachment impacts emotional regulation in later life, while biological developments such as refined motor skills contribute to independence and exploration. Understanding when these features manifest and their significance helps professionals foster optimal growth environments tailored to developmental needs. Critical periods, especially during conception, infancy, and childhood, are sensitive phases where external influences like teratogens or positive reinforcement can have lasting effects.

References

• Zastrow, C., & Kirst-Ashman, K. (2010).Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment (6th ed.). Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
• Siegler, R. S., & Alibali, M. W. (2005). Children's Thinking (4th ed.). Prentice Hall.
• Piaget, J. (1952). The Origins of Intelligence in Children. International Universities Press.
• Berk, L. E. (2018). Development Through the Lifespan (7th ed.). Pearson.
• Gross, R. (2014). Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior. Pearson.
• Shonkoff, J. P., & Phillips, D. A. (2000). From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development. National Academies Press.
• Kruger, H. S., & Schutte, A. R. (2015). Developmental milestones in childhood: Associated factors. Journal of Pediatrics, 167(2), 364-368.
• Amstadter, A. B., & Kendler, K. S. (2019). Genetics of Developmental and Complex Psychopathology. Annual Review of Psychology, 70, 461-487.
• LeVine, R., & Miller, P. (2010). African Childhoods: A History of People and Places. Routledge.
• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2018). Brain Development in Infants and Toddlers. NIH Publication No. 36-624.