Grading Rubric For Mental Health Presentation 100 Points

Grading Rubric For Mental Health Presentation100pointsclo13 Plo14i

Grading rubric for Mental Health Presentation100points CLO1,3, PLO1,4 I. Brief definition of Disorder. (5pts) II. Describe diagnostic criteria for this disorder. (5pts) III. Describe Risk Factors and Cultural Considerations. (5pts) IV. Explain Clinical manifestations of the Disorder. (10pts) V. Management (20pts) a) Pharmacological (at least 5 drugs, action and rationale for use) (10pts) b) Side effects of each drug. (4pts) c) Patient teaching regarding drugs. (include rationale) (4Pts) d) Which members of the interprofessional team should you collaborate with (2Pts) VI. Non-Pharmacological. (25pts) a) Nursing Diagnosis (list 3 in order of priority) 3Nursing dx =6pts, in order of priority=(4pts) b) Using one of the nursing diagnosis, describe a smart goal. (5 pts) c.) Describe at least 5 nursing Interventions and rationales for each (10pts) VII. Identify 3 top priority concerns for a patient with this disorder and measure to address concerns. (6pts) VIII. Video Presentation 20pts Students must demonstrate knowledge of disorders and be prepared to describe concept in the video recording. Reading directly from a script will result in lost points. It is ok to have an outline to keep track of presentation content, but not to read directly from it. IX. Structure, organization of paper and presentation style (10pts). Presentation must have a structure and flow smoothly.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

Mental health disorders are complex conditions that affect an individual’s thinking, feeling, behavior, and overall functioning. This paper focuses on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), a prevalent mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest. Understanding the disorder's definition, diagnostic criteria, risk factors, clinical manifestations, management strategies, and patient care considerations are crucial for effective treatment and support.

Brief Definition of Disorder

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder characterized by a persistent depressive mood lasting at least two weeks, accompanied by a range of emotional and physical symptoms that impair daily functioning. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), MDD is diagnosed when specific criteria are met, including depressed mood most of the day, diminished interest or pleasure, significant weight change, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, and recurrent thoughts of death.

Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder

The DSM-5 stipulates that for a diagnosis of MDD, individuals must experience at least five of the following symptoms during the same two-week period, representing a change from previous functioning, with at least one symptom being either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure. These symptoms include:

  • Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
  • Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all or most activities
  • Significant weight loss or gain, or decrease/increase in appetite
  • Insomnia or hypersomnia
  • Psycho-motor agitation or retardation
  • Fatigue or loss of energy
  • Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
  • Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
  • Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

The symptoms must cause Significant distress or impairment and not be attributable to substance use or another medical condition.

Risk Factors and Cultural Considerations

Risk factors for MDD include genetic predisposition, biochemical imbalances, environmental stressors, and psychosocial factors like trauma, loss, or chronic illness. Cultural considerations influence the presentation, perception, and management of depression. For example, in some cultures, emotional distress might be expressed through somatic complaints, affecting diagnosis and treatment approaches. Cultural stigmas around mental health can also hinder individuals from seeking help, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive care.

Clinical Manifestations

Clinical manifestations of MDD encompass emotional, cognitive, physical, and behavioral symptoms. Patients often experience pervasive sadness, hopelessness, irritability, and anhedonia. Cognitively, they may exhibit difficulties concentrating, indecisiveness, and negative thought patterns. Physically, symptoms include changes in sleep and appetite, fatigue, and psychomotor agitation or retardation. Behaviorally, there might be social withdrawal, decreased activity levels, and neglect of personal care.

Management Strategies

Pharmacological Management

The pharmacological treatment of MDD involves several classes of drugs, including antidepressants. Five common medications include:

  1. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Escitalopram, Paroxetine, Fluvoxamine
  2. Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Desvenlafaxine, Levomilnacipran, Milnacipran

Each drug acts by increasing neurotransmitter levels in the brain, primarily serotonin and norepinephrine, to alleviate depressive symptoms. Rationale for use includes their efficacy and generally favorable side effect profile. For instance, SSRIs are first-line treatments due to their safety and tolerability.

Side Effects of Pharmacological Agents

Common side effects vary among medications but include gastrointestinal upset, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, insomnia, and increased anxiety. For example, SSRIs can cause nausea, sexual dysfunction, and insomnia, while SNRIs may lead to increased blood pressure and agitation.

Patient Teaching and Rationale

Patients should be advised on the importance of medication adherence, potential side effects, and the necessity of regular follow-up. For example, explaining the delayed onset of therapeutic effects encourages patients to persist with medication despite initial discomforts, and education about side effects enables prompt reporting and management.

Interprofessional Collaboration

Effective management involves collaboration with psychiatrists for medication management, psychologists for therapy, social workers for support services, and primary care providers for monitoring overall health.

Non-Pharmacological Interventions

Nursing Diagnoses

1. Risk for Suicide related to depressive mood and feelings of hopelessness

2. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements related to loss of appetite

3. Fatigue related to decreased energy levels and disturbed sleep patterns

Smart Goal

Reduce feelings of hopelessness by 50% in four weeks through participation in cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication adherence.

Nursing Interventions and Rationales

  1. Assess risk of suicide regularly to ensure patient safety (Rationale: Identifies imminent danger and determines appropriate interventions).
  2. Encourage nutritional intake and monitor weight (Rationale: Prevents malnutrition and promotes physical health).
  3. Promote sleep hygiene strategies like establishing routines (Rationale: Improves sleep patterns and reduces fatigue).
  4. Provide emotional support through active listening (Rationale: Fosters trust and alleviates feelings of isolation).
  5. Coordinate with mental health team for therapy referrals (Rationale: Enhances comprehensive treatment and patient outcomes).

Top Priority Concerns and Measures

  1. Risk of suicide - Closely monitor and provide safety interventions, including removing means and implementing safety plans.
  2. Impaired social functioning - Facilitate social engagement activities and support groups.
  3. Physical health deterioration - Monitor vitals, manage sleep and nutrition, and coordinate medical evaluations.

Conclusion

Understanding Major Depressive Disorder from diagnosis to management is essential for providing patient-centered care. Pharmacological treatments combined with non-pharmacological interventions like therapy and lifestyle modifications constitute a comprehensive approach. Interprofessional collaboration ensures holistic care, addressing both mental and physical health needs. Recognizing cultural influences and individual risk factors further personalizes treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
  • Harvard Medical School. (2020). Major depressive disorder: Pathophysiology and treatment. Harvard Health Publishing.
  • Keller, M. B. (2018). Pharmacotherapy of depression: A review. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 79(5), 235-242.
  • World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorders: Global health estimates.
  • Gelenberg, A. J., et al. (2010). The treatment of depression. JAMA, 303(1), 48-54.
  • National Institute of Mental Health. (2021). Major depression. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression
  • Hofmann, S. G., et al. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(4), 347-359.
  • Prins, M. A., et al. (2016). Addressing cultural considerations in the treatment of depression. Psychiatry Annals, 46(5), 253-258.
  • Smith, K., & Smith, J. (2019). Nursing care for patients with depression: Strategies and interventions. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 45(2), 15-23.
  • Thapar, A., et al. (2017). Cultural aspects of depression treatment: A global perspective. World Psychiatry, 16(1), 77-85.

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