Guidelines For Focused SOAP Notes: Label Each Section Of The ✓ Solved
Guidelines for Focused SOAP Notes: Label each section of the
Guidelines for Focused SOAP Notes: Label each section of the SOAP note. Do not use unnecessary words or complete sentences. Use standard abbreviations.
S: SUBJECTIVE DATA — Include Chief Complaint (patient's words in quotes); History of Present Illness with OLDCARTS (Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating Factors, Relieving Factors, Treatment, Severity); Past Medical History including current medications, allergies, prior illnesses, operations and hospitalizations, and age-appropriate immunizations; Family History relevant to the CC/HPI/ROS; Social History including marital status, living arrangements, occupation, substance use, education, and sexual history; Review of Systems — list positive findings and pertinent negatives in systems directly related to the CC and symptoms; the ROS should mirror the physical exam.
O: OBJECTIVE DATA — Include vital signs and relevant physical exam systems suggested by the history. Cardiovascular and respiratory systems should be assessed on every patient regardless of the chief complaint. Document specific abnormal findings and relevant negatives, and include testing results. Include only information provided in the case study; do not add additional data.
A: ASSESSMENT — List and number diagnoses with appropriate ICD-10 codes. For each diagnosis provide a cited rationale that includes: a one-sentence definition, pathophysiology, common signs and symptoms, which of the patient's presenting signs/symptoms and focused PE findings support the diagnosis, and interpretation of relevant lab or test results.
P: PLAN — Provide an evidence-based treatment plan specific to this patient. For each step include an evidence-based practice (EBP) citation: 1) Medications — write prescriptions including dosing and dispensing information and provide EBP justification for each medication (prescription and OTC). 2) Additional diagnostic tests with EBP citations. 3) Education — brief patient education documented with a reference. 4) Referrals with supporting citations. 5) Follow-up — specify timing or conditions for return and provide a reference supporting the follow-up interval.
Paper For Above Instructions
Introduction
Focused SOAP notes are concise clinical documents that communicate patient encounters efficiently while meeting medico-legal and billing requirements. A high-quality focused SOAP note labels each section (S, O, A, P), mirrors the ROS and physical exam, documents only case-provided data, and uses standard abbreviations to improve clarity and chart utility (Bickley, 2017). This paper summarizes best practices for creating focused SOAP notes, demonstrates how to construct each section, and provides evidence-based expectations for assessment and plan elements, including ICD-10 coding and citations to support diagnostic and therapeutic choices (WHO, 2016; CDC, 2020).
Subjective (S)
Begin with Identifying Data and the Chief Complaint in the patient’s own words, e.g., CC: "Cough for 5 days." Use OLDCARTS to structure the HPI: Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating/Relieving factors, Treatments tried, and Severity. Include concise PMH updates (current meds, allergies, prior illnesses, surgeries), relevant family history, and focused social history (tobacco, alcohol, occupation, living situation) because these affect differential diagnosis and management (AAFP, 2019).
For the ROS, list pertinent positives and negatives for systems related to the CC. For example, with cough include respiratory (dyspnea, sputum), constitutional (fever, weight loss), cardiovascular (chest pain) and ENT (sore throat). The ROS should directly mirror the focused PE to ensure consistency between subjective and objective findings (NICE, 2019).
Objective (O)
Document vital signs (temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, O2 saturation) and general appearance. Always examine cardiovascular and respiratory systems regardless of CC because many systemic problems manifest here. Record focused exam findings relevant to the history and ROS, describing positives and negatives with quantification when possible (e.g., "scattered expiratory wheezes bilaterally; SpO2 95% on room air") rather than saying "normal" or "abnormal" (Bates, 2017).
Include diagnostic test results provided by the case (labs, imaging). Do not invent data; include only what is present in the case materials. Document abnormal values with interpretation linked to the clinical question (e.g., leukocytosis supporting infectious etiology) (WHO ICD-10, 2016).
Assessment (A)
List and number diagnoses with ICD-10 codes. For each diagnosis include a brief cited rationale: a one-line definition, pathophysiology, typical signs/symptoms, and why this patient meets criteria based on subjective and objective data. For example:
- 1) Acute bronchitis (ICD-10: J20.9): acute inflammation of bronchi often viral; presents with cough without focal consolidation, normal or mildly elevated WBC, and wheeze/ronchi on exam. The patient's 5-day productive cough, absence of focal consolidation on exam, and low-grade fever support this diagnosis (CDC, 2020; NICE, 2019).
Provide interpretation of any lab tests or imaging that were included and explain how those results support or refute each diagnosis (Idrees et al., 2018).
Plan (P)
The Plan must be evidence-based and specific. Each element should include a citation to support the action.
1. Medications
Prescribe only when supported by evidence. For uncomplicated acute bronchitis, routine antibiotics are not recommended (J20.9) (CDC, 2020). Symptomatic therapy example prescription: Albuterol HFA inhaler 90 mcg: 2 puffs every 4–6 hours as needed for wheeze; dispense 1 inhaler with 1 refill. Provide EBP justification for bronchodilator use in patients with wheeze (NICE, 2019; AAFP, 2018).
2. Additional Diagnostic Tests
Order tests only if they change management. For suspected pneumonia or if high-risk features exist, obtain chest x-ray (CXR) (IDSA guidelines, 2019). For persistent symptoms >3 weeks, consider spirometry to assess obstructive disease (ATS/ERS, 2020). Include citations supporting each test ordered.
3. Education
Document brief targeted education: counsel on expected natural history of acute bronchitis (usually 2–3 weeks), advise on symptom management (hydration, acetaminophen/ibuprofen for fever/pain), and explain when to seek urgent care (e.g., worsening dyspnea, high fever) (CDC Patient Education, 2020).
4. Referrals
Refer to pulmonology for recurrent or atypical presentations, or if spirometry indicates previously undiagnosed COPD/asthma (GOLD/ATS guidelines) (GOLD, 2021).
5. Follow-up
Specify conditions and timing: routine follow-up PRN if symptoms improve; return sooner for persistent symptoms beyond 2–3 weeks or if red flags develop. Cite evidence or guideline supporting follow-up intervals (NICE, 2019; CDC, 2020).
Documentation Tips and Quality
Keep notes concise, use standard abbreviations, and ensure Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan are internally consistent — the differential should flow logically from the HPI and exam. Include ICD-10 codes for billing and epidemiology. Finally, ensure each therapeutic decision is supported by a current evidence-based reference to meet the Plan requirements (UpToDate, 2021).
Conclusion
A focused SOAP note is a structured, efficient clinical record that must include a clear subjective history, focused physical exam, evidence-supported assessment with ICD-10 codes, and an EBP-based plan with medications, tests, education, referrals, and follow-up. Adhering to these guidelines improves clinical communication, supports appropriate management, and aligns documentation with educational and billing expectations.
References
- American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). Acute Bronchitis: Guidance for Diagnosis and Management. 2018. https://www.aafp.org
- Bickley, L. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 12th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2017.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Acute Respiratory Infections & Acute Bronchitis. 2020. https://www.cdc.gov
- Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD. 2021. https://goldcopd.org
- International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). World Health Organization. 2016. https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Respiratory Tract Infections – Antibiotic Prescribing. 2019. https://www.nice.org.uk
- Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Respiratory Infections. 2019. https://www.idsociety.org
- American Thoracic Society / European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS). Standards for Spirometry. 2020. https://www.thoracic.org
- UpToDate. Clinical Summary: Acute Bronchitis. 2021. https://www.uptodate.com
- Jensen, K., & Smith, L. Documentation and SOAP Notes in Clinical Practice. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2019;34(7):1201–1207.